EFEK SAMPING RADIASI PADA PASIEN KARSINOMA NASOFARING DENGAN BERBAGAI TEKNIK RADIOTERAPI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR NARATIF

Khairunnisa', Ariibah (2021) EFEK SAMPING RADIASI PADA PASIEN KARSINOMA NASOFARING DENGAN BERBAGAI TEKNIK RADIOTERAPI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR NARATIF. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck malignancy case with the most squamous cell type, in the area above the throat and behind the nose. The position of the nasopharynx is hidden, close to critical organs and structures so radiotherapy is the main method used in its management. Radiotherapy aims to kill as many cancer cells as possible and maintain normal tissue around the cancer, but it’s also can damage normal tissue and cause side effects. This narrative literature review explores the literature studying the adverse effects of various radiation techniques on NPC. The literature search was carried out through the Pubmed and Google Scholar electronic databases based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A review of 6 literatures has been carried out. The main radiation techniques used in nasopharyngeal carcinoma are conventional 2D, conformal 3D, and IMRT radiation techniques. Therapy dose above 40 Gy that given to the primary tumor can damage mucous membranes and salivary glands. Decreased salivary flow cause xerostomia and thinning of the ephitelium in the oral mucosa cause mucositis. The conclusion from this literature review is that xerostomia and mucositis are common side effects that occur in NPC patients after radiotherapy. The use of the IMRT techniques showed a low grade of xerostomia and mucositis than the 2D and 3D techniques. Further research is needed on the three radiotherapy techniques in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the same stage to determine the side effects that arise and the potential for recurrence after radiation.

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