PRODUCTION OF NANO SIZE POWDER FOR IMPLANT MATERIAL FROM EXTRACTED CLAMSHELL (ANADARA ANTIQUATA) BY USING BALL MILL PROCESSING

RESTI, GUNDINI (2014) PRODUCTION OF NANO SIZE POWDER FOR IMPLANT MATERIAL FROM EXTRACTED CLAMSHELL (ANADARA ANTIQUATA) BY USING BALL MILL PROCESSING. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Reposition to the splicing of fractured bones using metal pin have some disadvantages, i.e the surgery has to be conducted at least 2 times that may cause injury to the patients. Mechanical and physical attributes of metal pin are very different compared to human bones. Pin causes stress shielding effect and allergic reaction. The weakness of metal pin could be overcome by using artificial bone as an implant material. Artificial bone as implant material needs high quality hydroxyapatite in ultra refined size (nanometer scale) so that its physical and mechanical properties approaches natural human bone. One of the sources for hydroxyapatite is the clamshell of the Blood Clamshell (AnadaraAntiquata). These clamshellswere processed into nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite powder by using ball mill processing. Ball milling was conducted with different grinding media, i.e. ceramic ball and stainless steel ball. Clamshell powder heated until 800ᵒC ceramic and stainless steel balls. Milling speed was 100 RPM at the beginning and slowly raised to 200 RPM, for 60 minutes milling time. The obtained powder is observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that there is no significant effect different ball material on a grain fineness number. Therefor Ceramic balls grain fineness is 198 while stainless steel balls are 211. Changing the morphology of powder from the shoot like to finely grained lump increases the weight percentage of calcium (CA) from 34.42% to 49.67% with average crystal size of 82.583 nm. The mineral phase is calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide. Keywords: Pin, Bone, Hydroxyapatite, Powder, Clam, Ball Mill, Calcium.

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