SINTESIS FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS DARI MINYAK BIJI LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata D.), PARE (Momordicha charantia L.), DAN GAMBAS (Luffa acutangula)

Muhammad, Ismail Syahputra (2020) SINTESIS FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS DARI MINYAK BIJI LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata D.), PARE (Momordicha charantia L.), DAN GAMBAS (Luffa acutangula). Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Synthesis Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as an alternative of biodiesel is important because it has the potential as a renewable fuel source (renewable energy) for diesel engines. This study aims to determine the resistance of FAME, acid numbers, and saponification numbers from yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D.), bitter melon (Momordicha charantia L.), and luffa (Luffa acutangula) seed oils. Synthesis was carried out by a one-stage reaction method/direct transmethylation method using a mixture of methanol : hexane : petroleum ether : sulfuric acid : aluminum chloride in a ratio (41 : 36 : 20 : 2 : 1). Acid and saponification numbers were carried out by the titration method. The results showed % content of FAME from yellow pumpkin, bitter melon, and luffa seeds in a row 32.47%; 8.74%; 24.64%. GC-MS characterization results showed the content of methyl esters in bitter melon seeds i.e. methyl epoxystearate (C19H36O3) and methyl 2-oxooctadecanoate (C19H36O3) both of which have saturated fatty acids. Luffa seeds contain methyl palmitate (C17H34O2), methyl heptadecanoate (C18H36O2), methyl 2-oxooctadecanoate (C19H36O3) which has saturated fatty acids and methyl linoleic (C19H34O2) which have unsaturated fatty acids. The acid numbers of FAME from pumpkin, bitter melon, and luffa seeds in a row 4,176, 4,181 and 4,788 in mgNaOH/g units, which did not in accordance with ASTM D6751-07b (max. 0.5) and SNI 04-1782 (max. 0, 8) standards. The saponification numbers of FAME from pumpkin, bitter melon, and luffa seeds in a row 243,0076, 165.5582, 163.6227 in mgKOH/g units that in accordance with ASTM D6751-07b and SNI 04-1782 (≤261.26) standards. The ester numbers of FAME from pumpkin, bitter melon, and luffa seeds in a row 238.8316, 161.3772, 158.8347 in mgKOH/g units. Keywords: Cucurbita moschata D., Momordicha charantia L., Luffa acutangula, fatty acid methyl esters, biodiesel, acid numbers, saponification numbers and ester numbers

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