Application of Chicken Bone Meal as an Organic Ameliorant to Improve Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans L.) Growth in Ultisol

Taher, Rahima (2026) Application of Chicken Bone Meal as an Organic Ameliorant to Improve Water Spinach (Ipomoea reptans L.) Growth in Ultisol. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Ultisols are characterized by high acidity, low nutrient availability, and low fertility, which limit agricultural productivity. Chicken bone meal contains high levels of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), making it a potential organic ameliorant for improving soil fertility and plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses and application frequencies of chicken bone meal on the growth of spinach (Ipomoea reptans L.) cultivated on Ultisol. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a two-factor factorial arrangement. The first factor consisted of five doses of chicken bone meal: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g/plant. The second factor consisted of two application frequencies: once a week and once every two weeks. Each treatment was replicated three times. Observed parameters included plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% significance level. Chicken bone meal dose significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Application frequency affected only leaf area. A significant interaction between dose and frequency occurred only in shoot fresh weight. The best growth response was generally observed at doses of 30–45 g/plant. These findings indicate that chicken bone meal can be used as an effective organic ameliorant to enhance spinach growth and nutrient availability in Ultisol.

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