Skrining Fitokimia, Kandungan Fenolik Total, dan Bioaktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb)

Suci, Rosani (2026) Skrining Fitokimia, Kandungan Fenolik Total, dan Bioaktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb). S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Infections caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli remain a health problem, while inappropriate use of antibiotics triggers antibiotic resistance, so that alternative antibacterials from natural ingredients are needed. Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa) is one of the plants that has the potential as an antibacterial, but research on dayak onion fractions is still limited, especially dayak onions from the Solok area which has a highland agroecological condition. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite content, total phenolic content, and antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts and fractions from dayak onion bulbs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The methods used include maceration extraction with 70% ethanol followed by liquid-liquid fractionation, qualitative phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolics using the follin-ciocalteu method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and antibacterial activity testing using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that the extracts and fractions contained flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, where the extracts and water fractions had the most complete content. The highest total phenolic content was obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction of 70,769 mg GAE/g, followed by the ethanol extract of 56,595 mg GAE/g, the hexane fraction of 43,562 mg GAE/g, and the water fraction of 29,147 mg GAE/g. Antibacterial tests showed that all samples were active against S. aureus with moderate to very strong category, with the highest activity in the ethanol extract of 50% concentration which produced an inhibition zone of 22,67 mm, while against E. coli it tended not to show antibacterial activity. Based on these results, it can be concluded that dayak onion bulbs have the potential as a source of natural antibacterials, especially against gram-positive bacteria and It is recommended that Dayak onions be developed as raw materials for medicine.

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