Tubuh Anak Sebagai Medium Kekuasaan: Mekanisme Pendisiplinan Melalui Implementasi Program Stunting (Studi Etnografi Kritis di Desa Lumindai, Kecamatan Barangin, Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat)

Amirah, Devi (2026) Tubuh Anak Sebagai Medium Kekuasaan: Mekanisme Pendisiplinan Melalui Implementasi Program Stunting (Studi Etnografi Kritis di Desa Lumindai, Kecamatan Barangin, Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat). S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

INTISARI DEVI AMIRAH, 2210822006, Departemen Antropologi Sosial, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Andalas, 2026. Skripsi berjudul “Tubuh Anak sebagai Medium Kekuasaan: Mekanisme Pendisiplinan melalui Implementasi Program Stunting (Studi Kasus Desa Lumindai Kecamatan Barangin Kota Sawahlunto)”. Dibimbing oleh Fajri Rahman, S.Sos., M.A. dan Drs. Edi Indrizal, M.Si. Permasalahan stunting tidak hanya dipahami sebagai persoalan kesehatan tetapi juga berkaitan dengan bagaimana negara mengatur tubuh masyarakat melalui berbagai intervensi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana program stunting bekerja sebagai mekanisme pendisiplinan terhadap tubuh ibu dan anak, serta melihat relasi kuasa yang terjalin antara para aktor pelaksana program dengan masyarakat penerima manfaat dalam implementasi program stunting di Desa Lumindai, Kecamatan Barangin, Kota Sawahlunto. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi kritis. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan pokok meliputi ibu yang memiliki anak stunting, kader posyandu, aparat desa, serta tenaga kesehatan yang terlibat langsung dalam pelaksanaan program stunting di Desa Lumindai. Sementara itu, informan pendukung terdiri dari dukun beranak, keluarga yang jarang mengikuti kegiatan posyandu, ayah dengan anak stunting, serta tokoh masyarakat Desa Lumindai. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi program stunting di Desa Lumindai tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai upaya peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat, tetapi juga menjadi bentuk biopolitik negara dalam mengatur kehidupan masyarakat melalui mekanisme pendisiplinan dan pengawasan. Praktik seperti penimbangan rutin di posyandu, pencatatan tumbuh kembang anak, pemberian makanan tambahan, penyuluhan gizi, hingga keterkaitan program stunting dengan bantuan sosial seperti PKH menjadi bentuk pendisipilinan terhadap tubuh ibu dan anak. Program ini membentuk kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap standar kesehatan modern yang ditetapkan negara. Di sisi lain, masyarakat Desa Lumindai masih memiliki pengetahuan tradisional mengenai konsep anak rancak dan berbagai praktik budaya yang tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan standar medis modern. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya relasi kuasa antara pengetahuan kesehatan negara dengan pengetahuan budaya masyarakat Desa Lumindai dalam memahami kesehatan anak. Kata kunci: Stunting, Biopolitik, Pendisiplinan, Relasi Kuasa, Desa Lumindai ABSTRACT DEVI AMIRAH, 2210822006, Department of Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Andalas, 2026. Undergraduate Thesis entitled “The Child’s Body as an Medium of Power: Disciplinary Mechanisms through the Implementation of the Stunting Program (A Case Study of Lumindai Village, Barangin District, Sawahlunto City)”. Supervised by Fajri Rahman and Edi Indrizal. The problem of stunting is not only understood as a health issue but is also related to how the state regulates the bodies of society through various health interventions. This study aims to explain how stunting programs function as mechanisms of disciplining the bodies of mothers and children, as well as to examine the power relations established between program implementers and beneficiary communities in the implementation of stunting programs in Lumindai Village, Barangin District, Sawahlunto City. This research employs a qualitative approach using a critical ethnographic method. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The main informants consisted of mothers with stunted children, posyandu cadres, village officials, and health workers directly involved in the implementation of the stunting program in Lumindai Village. Meanwhile, supporting informants included traditional birth attendants, families who rarely attended posyandu activities, fathers of stunted children, and community leaders of Lumindai Village. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Research findings indicate that the implementation of the stunting program in Lumindai Village does not only function as an effort to improve public health, but also serves as a form of state biopolitics in regulating community life through mechanisms of disciplining and surveillance. Practices such as routine weighing at posyandu, recording of children's growth and development, provision of supplementary food, nutritional counseling, and the linkage of the stunting program with social assistance programs such as PKH represent forms of disciplining directed at the bodies of mothers and children. This program cultivates community compliance with modern health standards established by the state. On the other hand, the community of Lumindai Village still holds traditional knowledge regarding the concept of anak rancak and various cultural practices that do not fully align with modern medical standards. This condition reveals the existence of a power relation between the state's health knowledge and the cultural knowledge of the Lumindai Village community in understanding child health. Keywords: Stunting, Biopolitics, Discipline, Power Relations, Lumindai Village

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