KEBERLANJUTAN PENGHIDUPAN (LIVELIHOOD) PADA KOMUNITAS ADAT SUKU ANAK DALAM (SAD) PASCA PEMBERDAYAAN BERBASIS PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI JAMBI

ISYATURRIYADHAH, ISYATURRIYADHAH (2026) KEBERLANJUTAN PENGHIDUPAN (LIVELIHOOD) PADA KOMUNITAS ADAT SUKU ANAK DALAM (SAD) PASCA PEMBERDAYAAN BERBASIS PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI JAMBI. S3 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Isyaturriyadhah. Livelihood Sustainability In The Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) Indigenous Community After Agriculture-Based Empowerment In Jambi Province. Supervised by Yonariza, Erwin, and Mahdi. Agricultural development has long been positioned as a primary instrument for poverty alleviation and improving the welfare of rural communities, including indigenous communities. Various studies show that agricultural development interventions and empowerment programs produce partial results and fail to ensure sustainable livelihoods. This situation is also experienced by the Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) community in Jambi Province. The SAD community faces complex structural pressures such as land conversion, large-scale plantation expansion, changes in forest management policies, and limited access to education, health and markets. The government and non-governmental organizations have implemented various agriculture-based empowerment programs with the aim of encouraging the transformation of livelihoods from dependence on forests to more permanent and productive systems. However, the effectiveness of these programs in creating sustainable livelihoods still requires comprehensive study. This study aims to analyze the implementation of agriculture-based empowerment interventions, changes in livelihood assets, livelihood strategies, and livelihood outcomes of the SAD community, and to develop an appropriate empowerment model using the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) approach. This approach emphasizes that livelihoods are the result of the interaction of five main assets: human, social, natural, physical and financial capital, which are influenced by the context of vulnerability. The study used a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained through a survey of 93 respondents from SAD households in Bungo and Tebo Regencies to measure changes in livelihood assets before and after the intervention. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 key informants, field observations, and documentation studies to understand the dynamics of program implementation and community adaptation strategies. Quantitative data were analyzed using scoring techniques, while qualitative data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model: data collection, data condensation, data display and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of agricultural interventions included providing access to livelihood resources and assistance. The interventions were able to drive changes in the livelihood structure of SAD communities, primarily through improvements in physical capital such as housing, production facilities, and basic infrastructure. However, these improvements were not accompanied by a commensurate strengthening of other assets. Human, social, and financial capital are moderate, while natural resource capital tends to be low due to limited access to traditionally managed areas. This disparity indicates that interventions focused on physical assets are insufficient to ensure the sustainability of indigenous peoples' livelihoods. These changes in livelihood assets shape adaptive livelihood strategies. Indigenous Peoples' Association (SAD) households develop various strategies, including on-farm activities (plantations, livestock, fisheries), off-farm activities (farm labor, hunting, gathering, honey gathering), non-farm activities (services, remittances, social assistance), and contextual strategies such as palm oil harvesting. This diversification reflects the community's ability to adapt to limited assets and external pressures. However, limited capacity, access to capital, and social networks limit the development of more productive and sustainable strategies. Livelihood outcomes following the intervention show partial results. Access to food has increased relatively, but food utilization and income increases have not been optimal. Therefore, the improvements in livelihoods tend to be short-term and have not been able to increase the resilience of household livelihood systems as a whole. These findings demonstrate that the success of agricultural development cannot be measured solely by increased production or asset distribution, but rather by the ability to strengthen the entire livelihood asset structure in a balanced manner and support sustainable adaptive strategies. Therefore, agricultural development needs to be positioned as part of the indigenous peoples' livelihood systems, integrated with the social, cultural, and ecological context. Based on empirical findings and the SLF framework, this study formulated the PILMA (Intensive Empowerment of Five Capitals) model of empowerment, a livelihood empowerment model that emphasizes that the success of empowerment is determined by the integration of transformation and balance of livelihood assets with a good mentoring process, which is reflected through the intensity and pattern of mentoring. This model emphasizes the importance of integration between strengthening and balancing five livelihood assets with the intensity and pattern of quality mentoring. The multi-asset balance approach with good mentoring enables agricultural development to function as an instrument for more equitable, inclusive and sustainable livelihood transformation. Academically, this study strengthens the relevance of SLF in the context of indigenous community empowerment and provides conceptual contributions through a contextualized multi-asset approach. Practically, the results of this study can serve as a reference for the government, NGOs, and stakeholders in designing empowerment policies that are oriented not only toward production but also toward livelihood sustainability, natural resource protection, and strengthening the social and cultural capacities of indigenous communities.

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