Pemetaan Digital Fraksi P pada Tanah Vulkanis Gunung Marapi Bagian Barat ke Utara

Marliza, Miza (2026) Pemetaan Digital Fraksi P pada Tanah Vulkanis Gunung Marapi Bagian Barat ke Utara. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

	Text (Cover & Abstrak) Cover & Abstrak.pdf - Published Version Download (179kB)
	Text (BAB I) BAB I (1).pdf - Published Version Download (119kB)
	Text (BAB IV) BAB IV.pdf - Published Version Download (1MB)
	Text (Daftar Pustaka) Daftar Pustaka (1).pdf - Published Version Download (271kB)
	Text (Skripsi Fulltext) Skripsi Fulltext.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (4MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Tanah vulkanis merupakan tanah yang berkembang dari material hasil letusan gunung api dan dikenal memiliki potensi kesuburan yang tinggi. Namun demikian, tanah vulkanis juga memiliki kemampuan retensi fosfor (P) yang tinggi akibat dominasi mineral amorf serta oksida aluminium (Al) dan besi (Fe), sehingga ketersediaan P bagi tanaman menjadi terbatas. Distribusi dan fraksi fosfor di dalam tanah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain penggunaan lahan, kondisi iklim, dan sifat kimia tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji serta melakukan pemetaan digital fraksi P pada tanah vulkanis Gunung Marapi bagian Barat ke Utara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga Juli 2025 di kawasan Gunung Marapi bagian Barat ke Utara yang meliputi Kecamatan Sungaipua, X Koto, dan Canduang, Sumatera Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan sistem grid berjarak 750 m × 750 m. Sampel tanah diambil pada kedalaman 0–20 cm sebanyak 47 titik dan dianalisis di Laboratorium Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi pH tanah, P-tersedia, P�retensi, P-potensial, serta fraksi P (Alp, Fep, dan Cap). Data curah hujan diperoleh dari Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) dan diolah menggunakan Google Earth Engine (GEE), sedangkan pemetaan spasial dilakukan dengan metode kriging. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah vulkanis Gunung Marapi memiliki pH tanah masam, P-tersedia kategori sedang, serta P-retensi sangat tinggi. Fraksi fosfor didominasi oleh Alp dan Fep, yang menunjukkan kuatnya proses fiksasi fosfor pada tanah vulkanis. Sebaran spasial fraksi P menunjukkan variasi antar wilayah dan penggunaan lahan, di mana lahan pertanian intensif cenderung memiliki P-potensial lebih tinggi dibandingkan lahan alami. Pemetaan digital fraksi P memberikan informasi yang penting dalam memahami distribusi dan ketersediaan fosfor pada tanah vulkanis Gunung Marapi Volcanic soils are formed from volcanic eruption materials and are widely known for their high fertility potential. However, volcanic soils also have a high phosphorus (P) retention capacity due to the dominance of amorphous minerals and aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) oxides, which limits the availability of P for plants. The distribution and fractions of phosphorus in soil are influenced by several factors, including land use, climate conditions, and soil chemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate and conduct digital mapping of phosphorus fractions in volcanic soils of Mount Marapi from the western to northern area. The research was carried out from January to July 2025 in the western to northern part of Mount Marapi, covering Sungaipua, X Koto, and Canduang Districts, West Sumatra. The research method used was a survey method with a grid system of 750 m × 750 m. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm from 47 sampling points and analyzed at the Soil Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas. The parameters analyzed included soil pH, available P, P-retention, potential P, and phosphorus fractions (Alp, Fep, and Cap). Rainfall data were obtained from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and processed using Google Earth Engine (GEE), while spatial mapping was conducted using the kriging method. The results showed that the volcanic soils of Mount Marapi had acidic soil pH, moderate available P, and very high P-retention. Phosphorus fractions were dominated by Alp and Fep, indicating strong phosphorus fixation processes in volcanic soils. The spatial distribution of phosphorus fractions showed variation among areas and land use types, where intensively managed agricultural land tended to have higher potential P compared to natural land. Digital mapping of phosphorus fractions provides important information for understanding the distribution and availability of phosphorus in volcanic soils of Mount Marapi.

Actions (login required)

View Item