THE POTENCY OF THREE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI TO CONTROL Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) CAUSING DAMAGE TO RED CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum annum L)

Bui, Dang Khoa (2025) THE POTENCY OF THREE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI TO CONTROL Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) CAUSING DAMAGE TO RED CHILI PEPPER (Capsicum annum L). S2 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest causing severe yield losses in red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production. This study evaluated the effectiveness of three (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Trichoderma harzianum) entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents against Aphis gossypii and their compatibility with chili (Capsicum annuum) growth. The fungi were assessed for growth under laboratory conditions and tested at four concentrations (10⁴ - 10¹⁰ conidia/mL) in a greenhouse to identify the most effective dose for aphid suppression and plant development. T. asperellum showed the fastest mycelial growth, covering a 90 mm petri dish in four days, while M. anisopliae and B. bassiana reached 77.87 and 78.46 mm, respectively. All isolates had high spore viability (>96%). Under greenhouse conditions, higher concentrations (10⁸ - 10¹⁰ conidia/mL) caused over 80% aphid mortality by day 5 and nearly 100% by day 10, significantly reducing reproduction. T. asperellum exhibited the highest virulence (LT₅₀ = 1.30 days), while at the optimal 10⁸ concentration, B. bassiana achieved the greatest suppression (LT₅₀ = 1.81 days; 5.6 offspring). Fungal treatments also reduced leaf curling (22.22 -27.78%), boosted chlorophyll (7.41 - 8.29 mg/g), and elevated salicylic acid (4.78–5.46 µg/g FW). Moreover, after 90 days, chili plants treated with B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and T. asperellum showed similar heights (55.60–56.20 cm). However, M. anisopliae produced the most leaves (132.0), B. bassiana the most flowers (40.8), and T. asperellum the most fruits (31.20), indicating overall growth promotion compared to the control.

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