UJI KARAKTERISTIK TERMAL BIOMASSA PELET KAYU DENGAN METODE GASIFIKASI FIX BED UPDRAFT

Andra Pramana, Putra (2025) UJI KARAKTERISTIK TERMAL BIOMASSA PELET KAYU DENGAN METODE GASIFIKASI FIX BED UPDRAFT. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

The use of biomass energy as a renewable energy source is an important alternative in reducing dependence on fossil fuels. One efficient conversion method is gasification, a thermochemical process that converts solid biomass into combustible synthetic gas (syngas). This study aims to analyze the thermal characteristics and gas composition of a mixture of wood pellets and tapioca flour using an updraft fixed-bed gasification reactor. The main variable in this study is the air flow rate (2, 3, 4, and 5 LPM), which is varied to observe its effect on the performance of the gasification system in producing synthetic gas. The methods used include pelletizing to an 8-mesh size, laboratory testing with temperature monitoring using an integrated thermocouple panel, and gas content analysis using gas chromatography (GC-TCD). The results show thatincreasing the airflow rate affects reactor temperature, fuel consumption, syngas composition (CO, H₂, CH₄), calorific value (LHV), and thermal efficiency. The Equivalence Ratio (ER) value for each airflow rate variation showed an increasing trend between 0.39 to 0.43. The highest temperature of 1112°C, with the highest lower heating value of 4.636 MJ/Nm³ and maximum thermal efficiency of 78.56%, was achieved at a flow rate of 4 LPM. The optimal CO and H₂ contents were recorded at 3 LPM and 4 LPM, respectively. These results indicate that an airflow rate of 3–4 LPM provides the most optimal gasification characteristics. Thus, wood pellets mixed with tapioca can be a promising alternative fuel in supporting the transition to renewable energy efficiently.

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