Konflik Pengelolaan Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Desa Betung Pasca Ditinggalkan PT RKK

Lupita, Eria (2025) Konflik Pengelolaan Lahan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Desa Betung Pasca Ditinggalkan PT RKK. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Abstrak Bahasa Inggris: This study examines the conflict over oil palm land management in Betung Village, Kumpeh Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency, which unfolded in two main phases. The first phase occurred between the community and PT Ricky Kurniawan Kartapersada (PT RKK) due to allegations of non-transparent management and the company’s encroachment into forest areas without permission. After PT RKK left the land following government sanctions, the second phase emerged in the form of conflicts between community groups and cooperatives, each claiming the right to manage the former concession area. The issues addressed in this study include the dynamics of the conflict, how each group’s cultural knowledge shapes their perspectives on land, management rights, and social relations, as well as how conflict resolution efforts have been carried out and to what extent they have been effective in reducing tensions between parties. This research employed a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Informants were selected purposively based on specific criteria. Data were collected through field observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using Johan Galtung’s Conflict Triangle theory and James P. Spradley’s Cultural Knowledge framework through thematic categorization, interpretation of meaning based on cultural context, and drawing conclusions to address the research questions. The findings reveal that various disputes arose after PT RKK’s departure, including claims over land management and disputes over cooperative leadership legitimacy. Conflict resolution efforts have included legal proceedings, mediation by local government, and village-level deliberations, but have yet to result in binding agreements. This study aims to describe the conflict dynamics, understand differences in cultural knowledge among the parties, and evaluate the effectiveness of resolution efforts undertaken. The results indicate that the conflict is driven not only by competition over physical resources but also by differences in cultural knowledge systems and socio-political interests. Existing resolution measures have not addressed the cultural roots of the problem, leading to recurring conflicts. Keywords: Land Conflict, Cultural Knowledge, Oil Palm Abstrak Bahasa Indonesia : Penelitian ini membahas konflik pengelolaan lahan sawit di Desa Betung, Kecamatan Kumpeh, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, yang berlangsung dalam dua fase utama. Fase pertama terjadi antara masyarakat dan PT Ricky Kurniawan Kartapersada (PT RKK) akibat tuduhan pengelolaan yang tidak transparan serta masuknya perusahaan ke kawasan hutan tanpa izin. Setelah PT RKK meninggalkan lahan karena sanksi pemerintah, muncul fase kedua berupa konflik antarkelompok masyarakat dan koperasi yang saling mengklaim hak atas pengelolaan lahan ekskonsesi tersebut. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini mencakup dinamika konflik yang terjadi, bagaimana pengetahuan budaya masing-masing kelompok memengaruhi cara pandang mereka terhadap tanah, hak kelola, dan hubungan sosial, serta bagaimana upaya penyelesaian telah dilakukan dan sejauh mana efektivitasnya dalam meredakan ketegangan antar pihak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Informan dipilih secara purposive dengan kriteria tertentu. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan teori Segitiga Konflik Johan Galtung dan Pengetahuan Budaya James P. Spradley melalui pengelompokan tematik, penafsiran makna, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, berbagai bentuk perselisihan muncul pascakepergian PT RKK, mencakup klaim pengelolaan lahan dan persoalan legitimasi kepengurusan koperasi. Upaya penyelesaian telah dilakukan melalui jalur hukum, mediasi pemerintah daerah, dan musyawarah di tingkat desa, namun belum menghasilkan kesepakatan yang mengikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika konflik, memahami perbedaan pengetahuan budaya antar pihak, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas upaya penyelesaian yang telah ditempuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik tidak hanya dipicu oleh perebutan sumber daya fisik, tetapi juga oleh perbedaan sistem pengetahuan budaya dan kepentingan sosial-politik. Upaya penyelesaian yang ada belum menyentuh akar persoalan budaya, sehingga konflik cenderung berulang. Kata Kunci: Konflik Lahan, Pengetahuan Budaya, Kelapa Sawit

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