KERAGAMAN GENETIK PISANG AMBON (Musa parasidiaca. L) LOKAL BENGKULU SERTA MULTIPLIKASINYA SECARA IN VITRO

Rini, Suryani (2025) KERAGAMAN GENETIK PISANG AMBON (Musa parasidiaca. L) LOKAL BENGKULU SERTA MULTIPLIKASINYA SECARA IN VITRO. S3 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Rini Suryani. Genetic Diversity of Ambon Bananas (Musa paradisiaca L) Bengkulu Local and Multiplication in General In Vitro. Under the guidance of Irfan Suliansyah, Warnita, Aprizal Zainal, Sukartini. The local Ambon banana plant from Bengkulu is a local wisdom that must be preserved. This study aims to identify, explore, and document the diversity of local Ambon banana genotypes growing in various regions in Bengkulu Province, including descriptions of their morphology and geographic distribution, and analyze the morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of local Ambon bananas from Bengkulu using markers.chloroplast Simple Sequence Repeats (cpSSR) to reveal the kinship relationship between accessions and optimize local Ambon banana propagation techniques.in vitroby testing the response of various genotypes to concentrationsBenzyl Amino Purin (BAP) and acclimatization media, in order to produce healthy, uniform, and high-quality seeds. This research began in September 2019 to June 2022. The exploration results showed 7 types of local Ambon banana diversity growing in Rejang Lebong Regency, namely Yellow Ambon, Green Ambon, Curup Ambon, Lumut Ambon, Cold Ambon, White Ambon and Short Ambon (Ambon Kapal). Kepahiang Regency has 4 types of local Ambon banana diversity, namely Green Ambon, Yellow Ambon, White Ambon and Cold Ambon. Meanwhile, in North Bengkulu Regency there are 2 types of Ambon banana diversity, namely Green Ambon and Yellow Ambon. The results of morphological characterization show that there are two main groups of 29 local Ambon banana accessions in Bengkulu. The first group consists of Short Ambon (APE) / Ambon Kapal Dwitunggal accessions which are far apart from the other groups with a similarity level of 54.02%. The second group consists of Ambon Dingin (AD) Tempel Rejo and Ambon Putih (APT) Perbo with a similarity level of 84.67%. Subgroup II contains several accessions, namely Ambon Lumut PUT and Ambon Hijau Kesambe Lama with a similarity level of 98.61%. The results of the study at the molecular characterization stage showed that the amplification results on primer 4 had two bands (monomorphic and polymorphic) at 200 – 500 bp. The dendogram results showed two cluster groups. The first cluster consists of Ambon Kuning, Ambon Dingin, Ambon Lumut, and Ambon Pendek. The second cluster consists of Ambon Hijau, Ambon Putih, Ambon Kuning, Ambon Dingin. The multiplication stage showed an interaction between the treatment of local Ambon banana genotypes from Bengkulu and the growth regulator BAP. The Ambon Hijau genotype showed an increase in plant height when given BAP of 0 mg/L, 3 mg/L and 5 mg/L, with a maximum height of 11.60 cm achieved at a BAP concentration of 5 mg/L. However, at a BAP concentration of 7 mg/L, there was a decrease in plant height to 9.20 cm. In contrast, the Ambon Kuning genotype showed a more consistent pattern of increasing plant height when given BAP from 0 mg/L to 7 mg/L. The highest plant height was in the Ambon Kuning genotype, namely 12.93 cm at a BAP concentration of 7 mg/L. The Ambon Hijau genotype showed an increase in the number of shoots as the BAP concentration increased from 0 mg/L to 5 mg/L, with the highest average number of shoots recorded at 15.70 shoots at a concentration of 5 mg/L. However, at a concentration of 7 mg/L, there was a decrease in the number of shoots to an average of 13.00 shoots. The Ambon Kuning banana genotype showed a fluctuating response to the treatment of BAP growth regulator concentration on the number of shoots produced. The increase in the number of shoots occurred at BAP concentrations of 0 mg/L to 3 mg/L. However, at a concentration of 5 mg/L, the number of shoots decreased, with an average of only 11.67 shoots. The number of shoots increased again at 7 mg/L BAP with an average number of shoots of 15.33 shoots. The Ambon Hijau genotype showed an increase in the number of leaves as the BAP concentration increased from 0 mg/L to 5 mg/L, with the highest average number of leaves recorded at 6.43 at a concentration of 5 mg/L. However, at a concentration of 7 mg/L, the number of leaves decreased to an average of 5.67. The Ambon Kuning banana genotype showed a fluctuating response to the treatment of BAP growth regulator concentration on the number of leaves produced. An increase in the number of leaves occurred at a concentration of 0 mg/L to 3 mg/L BAP. However, at a concentration of 5 mg/L, the number of leaves decreased with an average of 9.33 leaves. Leaf number increased again with 7 mg/L BAP, with an average of 11.33 leaves. There was no interaction between the local Ambon banana genotype in Bengkulu and the BAP growth regulator treatment. However, each treatment significantly affected leaf length. Ambon Kuning had the longest leaf length at 10.14 cm, while Ambon Hijau had a leaf length of 8.32 cm. During the acclimatization phase, the Ambon Kuning genotype treatment produced the best results, increasing plant height by 26.47 cm and leaf length by 18.14 cm. Coffee husks were the best medium, increasing stem diameter by 6.71 mm.

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