Potensi Trichoderma asperellum dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Jamur Patogen pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa) secara In Vitro

Selvia, Selvia (2025) Potensi Trichoderma asperellum dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Jamur Patogen pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa) secara In Vitro. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

POTENSI Trichoderma asperellum DALAM MENEKAN PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA JAMUR PATOGEN PADA TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa) SECARA IN VITRO Abstrak Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan penting yang memiliki penyakit utama yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen seperti Helminthosporium oryzae B. de Haan, Curvularia sp., dan Rhizoctonia solani. Pengendalian penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen tersebut salah satunya adalah penggunaan jamur antagonis Trichoderma asperellum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi T. asperellum dalam menekan pertumbuhan beberapa jamur patogen penyebab penyakit pada tanaman padi secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 3 perlakuan (A, B, C) dan 10 ulangan pada metode biakan ganda, 6 perlakuan (A, B, C, D, E, F) dan 10 ulangan pada metode uap biakan. Perlakuannya adalah patogen penyebab penyakit pada tanaman padi dengan jamur T. asperellum untuk menghambat patogen tersebut, perlakuannya sebagai berikut: A= R. solani, B= Curvularia sp., C= H. oryzae, D= Kontrol R. solani, E= Kontrol Curvularia sp., F= Kontrol H. oryzae. Pengujian daya antagonis T. asperellum terhadap beberapa jamur patogen dilakukan dengan metode biakan ganda dan uap biakan. Variabel pengamatan adalah persentase daya hambat, tingkat invasi, mekanisme antagonis, luas koloni, dan perubahan karakter morfologi. Hasil penelitian Trichoderma asperellum berpotensi menekan pertumbuhan patogen Curvularia sp., R. solani, dan H. oryzae secara in-vitro. Pada metode biakan ganda T. asperellum dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur patogen R.solani dengan persentase tertinggi sebesar 68.40% dan pada metode uap biakan T. asperellum dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur patogen Curvularia sp. dengan persentase tertinggi sebesar 62.04%. Kata kunci: Pengendalian hayati; T. asperellum; Curvularia sp.; R.solani; H. oryzae THE POTENTIAL OF Trichoderma asperellum IN SUPPRESSING THE GROWTH OF SEVERAL PATHOGENIC FUNGI ON RICE (Oryza sativa) IN VITRO Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop that is affected by major diseases caused by pathogenic fungi such as Helminthosporium oryzae B. de Haan, Curvularia sp., and Rhizoctonia solani. One of the methods to control diseases caused by these pathogenic fungi is the use of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma asperellum. This study aims to determine the potential of T. asperellum in inhibiting the growth of several pathogenic fungi that cause diseases in rice plants in vitro. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments (A, B, C) with 10 replications in the dual culture method, and 6 treatments (A, B, C, D, E, F) with 10 replications in the culture vapor method. The treatments involved the combination of disease-causing pathogens in rice plants with T. asperellum to inhibit the pathogens, with the following treatments: A = R. solani, B = Curvularia sp., C = H. oryzae, D = Control of R. solani, E = Control of Curvularia sp., F = Control of H. oryzae. The antagonistic activity of T. asperellum against several pathogenic fungi was tested using dual culture and culture vapor methods. The observed variables included the percentage of inhibition, invasion level, antagonistic mechanisms, colony area, and morphological character changes. The results showed that Trichoderma asperellum has the potential to suppress the growth of the pathogens Curvularia sp., R. solani, and H. oryzae in vitro. In the dual culture method, T. asperellum was able to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungus R. solani with the highest inhibition percentage of 68.40%, while in the culture vapor method, T. asperellum was able to inhibit the growth of Curvularia sp. with the highest inhibition percentage of 62.04%. Key words: Biological control; T. asperellum; Curvularia sp.; R.solani; H. oryzae

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