The Effectiveness of using Multimodal and Monomodal Digital Flashcards for L2 Vocabulary Learning Among Adult Language Learners in Padang, Indonesia

Joshua, Hicks (2024) The Effectiveness of using Multimodal and Monomodal Digital Flashcards for L2 Vocabulary Learning Among Adult Language Learners in Padang, Indonesia. S2 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

This applied psycholinguistics study explores whether multimodal flashcards (containing text, audio, and a picture) are more effective than monomodal flashcards (containing only text) as a tool for adults to learn the meanings of L2 concrete nouns. The application Anki was used as a research instrument. Each participant experienced both conditions (i.e. learning from multimodal and monomodal flashcards) in the study phase (a within-subject design), and recall accuracy data from the study phase and the delayed post-tests was collected and then analysed using a paired t-test. The results indicated that multimodal flashcards of the kind used in this study facilitate deeper and more secure learning than monomodal text-only flashcards, i.e. resulting in significantly fewer user-initiated reviews in the study phase (indicative of the number of memory lapses), and significantly higher recall accuracy in the first post-test. Regarding the study phase, results of the paired t-test indicated that there is a significant medium difference between the number of user-initiated reviews (i.e. ‘Again’ count) for monomodal flashcards (M = 83.2 ,SD = 61.3) and multimodal flashcards (M = 58.8 ,SD = 32.1), t(24) = 3.4, p = .001. Regarding the first post-test, results of the paired t-test indicated that there is a significant medium difference between the number of correct recalls (‘Good’ count) of multimodally learned items (M = 13.6 ,SD = 1.6) and monomodally learned items (M = 12.4 ,SD = 2.7), t(24) = 2.9, p = .004. These results support the hypothesis that multimodal flashcards are more effective than monomodal flashcards as a tool for learning the meanings of L2 concrete nouns, a difference that can be explained with reference to Paivio’s Dual-coding Theory.

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