Pengaruh Beberapa Tanaman Penutup Tanah Terhadap Aliran Permukaan dan Erosi di Rumah Kaca

Indri, Frinanda (2019) Pengaruh Beberapa Tanaman Penutup Tanah Terhadap Aliran Permukaan dan Erosi di Rumah Kaca. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Tanah dengan jenis bahan induk batu apung menyebabkan tanah mudah tererosi dan longsor, karena bahan induk batu apung mudah lepas dan dihanyutkan oleh air. Salah satu upaya perbaikan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan penanaman tanaman penutup tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan beberapa jenis tanaman penutup tanah dalam mengendalikan aliran permukaan dan erosi.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan terdiri dari 5 tanaman penutup tanah (kontrol, akar wangi, kalopo, rumput gajah, pegagan) dan 3 ulangan. Plot erosi terbuat dari pelat baja dengan ukuran 1.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.3 m dengan sudut lereng 220. Rainfall simulator digunakan sebagai simulasi air hujan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pegaganmampu mengurangi aliran permukaan (54.67%), mengurangi erosi (90.40%), mengurangitingkat kepadatan tanah (65.38%), meningkatkan ketahanan tanah (66.64%), dan memiliki tutupan kanopi (66.55%). N tanah yang tererosi tidak terukur, akar wangi mampu mengurangi P tanah tererosi 85.96%, dan pegagan mampu mengurangi K-dd tanah tererosi 17.74%. Kata Kunci: aliran permukaan, erosi, plot erosi, rainfall simulator, tanaman penutup tanah THE INFLUENCE OF SOME TYPES OF COVER CROP ON SURFACE FLOW AND EROSION IN GLASSHOUSEES ABSTRACT A soil having pumice parent material is prone to erosion and landslide, because pumice parent material is easy to be dispersed and washed away by water. One effort that can be done to reduce soil loss is by planting cover crops. This research was aimed to determine the capability of some types of cover crop in terms of controlling surface flow and erosion at soil having pumice tuff parent material. The treatment units were allocated based on completely randomized design (CRD) in Glasshouse, Agriculture Faculty Andalas University. This study consisted of 5 treatment (control, Vetiveria zizanoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Penisetum purpureum, and Centella asiatica) with 3 replications. Plots was created from steel plate with the dimonsion of 1.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.3 m with 220angel. Rainfall Simulator was used to simulation of the rain water. The results showed that Centella asiatica couldreduce surface flow (54.67%), reduce erosion (90.40%), reduce soil bulk density (65.38%), improve soil resistance (66.64%), and increased canopy covererage (66.55%). Soil N lost was not measurable. Vetiveria zizanoides could reduce soil P lost by 85.96%, and Centella asiaticacan could reduce soil K- exch lost by 17.74%. Keywords: surface flow, erosion, erosion plots, rainfall simulators, cover crops

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