KAJIAN BEBERAPA KOMPONEN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) ASAL BIJI (TRUE SHALLOT SEED)

Atman, Atman (2022) KAJIAN BEBERAPA KOMPONEN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) ASAL BIJI (TRUE SHALLOT SEED). Doctoral thesis, Universitas Andalas.

	Text (Cover dan Abstrak) Cover dan Abstrak.pdf - Published Version Download (250kB)
	Text (Bab I ( Pendahuluan)) Bab I ( Pendahuluan).pdf - Published Version Download (240kB)
	Text (Bab Akhir ( Penutup dan Kesimpulan)) Bab Akhir ( Kesimpulan dan Saran).pdf - Published Version Download (405kB)
	Text (Daftar Pustaka) Daftar Pustaka.pdf - Published Version Download (533kB)
	Text (Disertasi Full) disertasi - Full atman oke 3-.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (5MB)

Abstract

Study of Several Components Cultivation Technology on True Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Seed Atman (1931612001) (under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Ir. Irfan Suliansyah, MS; Prof. Dr. Ir. Aswaldi Anwar, M.Si; and Dr. Ir. rer. nat. Syafrimen Yasin, MS, M.Sc) SUMMARY Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the important food commodities in Indonesia. In West Sumatra, productivity has reached 11 t/ha. However, this productivity is still low when compared to overseas productivity, potential yields, and research results. One of the causes of the low productivity of shallots in Indonesia is the use of seeds derived from bulbs. The use of shallot seedlings derived from seeds (True Shallot Seed) is an alternative in increasing the productivity of shallots while reducing production costs. The cultivation of true shallot seed is expected to increase the productivity of shallots if the appropriate and correct application of technological components, such as: varieties with high yield potential, manure, chemical fertilizers, control of plant pest organisms, plant spacing, planting time, and so on. The problem is that this true shallot seed cultivation technology has not developed at the farmer level until now, especially in West Sumatra. In addition to the availability of seedlings from seeds which are still difficult to obtain, the availability of information on true shallot seed cultivation technology from specific in West Sumatra is also very few available. In addition, farmers are also reluctant to adopt this technology because it takes a long time from seeding to harvesting and additional work (nursery). This study aimed to obtain several components of the technology for cultivating true shallot seed in increasing yields in the highlands of West Sumatra. Research on the study of several technology components of cultivating true shallot seed has been carried out at Sukarami Experimental Garden, West Sumatra AIAT, Solok Regency Sumatra (1,000 m asl) with Andosol soil type. The experiment was carried out from June 2020 to November 2021. The research consisted of 3 phases with 4 kinds of experiments. The first phase of the research (Experiment I) was aimed at obtaining high yielding varieties of true shallot seed. Experiments are set up using a Randomized Completelly Block Design (RCBD), with 4 treatments of true shallot seed varieties (Trisula, Bima, Lokananta, and Sanren) and 6 replications. Research phase II (Experiment II) aims to obtain recommendations on how to give and dosage the right cow manure in increasing the growth and yield of true shallot seed. Experiments are set up using a Split Plot design in a randomized completelly block, with 3 replications. The main plot is the method of applying manure, namely: applied by spreading and given to the planting hole. Sub-plots were the dosage of manure, namely: 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, 15 t/ha, 20 t/ha, and 25 t/ha. Research phase II (Experiment III) aims to obtain recommendations for plant density (planting spacing and number of seedlings per planting hole) that are appropriate in increasing the growth and yield of true shallot seed. Experiments are set up using a 2-factor factorial design in a randomized completelly block, with 3 replications. The first factor is the planting spacing, namely: 10 cm x 10 cm, 10 cm x 15 cm, and 15 cm x 15 cm. The second factor is the number of seedlings per planting hole, namely: 1 seedling, 2 seedlings, 3 seedlings, and 4 seedlings. Research Phase III (Experiment IV) aims to obtain recommendations on the right combination of NPK fertilizer with manure in increasing the growth and yield of true shallot seed. Experiments are set up using a Randomized Completelly Block Design (RCBD), with 4 replications. The combination of NPK fertilizer and manure tested, namely: Control (without fertilizer), NPK fertilizer, Manure; 50% NPK fertilizer + manure; 75% NPK + manure, and 100% NPK + manure. The results of the first phase of the research (Experiment I) showed that the Lokananta variety gave the highest dry bulb yield (10,469 kg/ha) compared to the Trisula (8,870 kg/ha), Bima (6,324 kg/ha), and Sanren (6,714 kg/ha) varieties. The high dry bulb yield of the Lokananta variety was due to this variety having the best growth components and yield components values compared to the other three varieties. The results of the second phase of the research (Experiment II) showed that the right dosage of manure in increasing the dry bulb yield of true shallot seed was 15-25 t/ha which was applied by spreading or in planting holes. However, for the efficient use of true shallot seed farming inputs, the application of manure as much as 15 t/ha by spreading is sufficient to increase the of dry bulb yield (7,899 kg/ha). An increase in the use of manure as much as 1 t/ha can only increase the dry bulb yield of shallot by 119.8 kg/ha. The results of the second phase of the research (Experiment III) showed that the best spacing that gave the highest dry bulb yield (7,039 kg/ha) was 10 cm x 10 cm, while the best number of seeds that gave the highest dry bulb yield (7,222 kg/ha) was 1 seed per planting hole. An increase in the use of 1 seed per planting hole will cause a decrease in dry bulb yield of 503.8 kg/ha. The results of the third phase of the research (Experiment IV) showed that the highest of dry bulb yield was found in the application of 100% NPK fertilizer + manure and 75% NPK fertilizer + manure. However, for efficient use of farm inputs and reduction in the use of NPK (chemical) fertilizers, the application of 75% NPK fertilizer + manure is sufficient to increase the dry bulb yield (14,531 kg/ha). The application of manure as much as 15 t/ha can reduce the use of NPK fertilizers by up to 25%. Recommendations for true shallot seed cultivation technology packages for the highlands of West Sumatra, namely: (a) the use of the Lokananta variety; (b) the use of 10 cm x 10 cm spacing; (c) the use of 1 seed per planting hole; (c) application of manure as much as 15 t/ha by spreading; and (d) application of NPK fertilizer (chemical) as much as 75% of the recommended dosage.

Actions (login required)

View Item