TAXONOMIC STUDY OF KING COBRA (Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836) IN INDONESIA WITH MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH

Andra, Djasefino (2022) TAXONOMIC STUDY OF KING COBRA (Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836) IN INDONESIA WITH MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH. Diploma thesis, Andalas University.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836) is the longest venomous snake and apex predator spread across several islands that are part of two biogeographical regions, namely the Sundaland and Wallacean regions. The spread of this species is hindered by geographical problems because this species is found on different islands and is separated by the sea. This becomes a barrier in the distribution range of the king cobra which often obscures the lineage. Thus, this condition is expected to have provided sufficient possibilities for variations in morphological characters. Researchers focused on the morphological characters of 21 specimens stored at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Center for Biological Research, Indonesian Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). All of these specimens represent their distribution range in Indonesia. All specimens were analyzed based on eight mensural characters (morphometric) and 40 multistatic characters (meristic). Of the 21 specimens, only 15 were representative specimens for analysis. Based on the results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), there is no significant difference between king cobras from Sumatra, Java, Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Lesser Sunda (Lombok). Meristic characters showed variations in right infra labial scales (IfLR), supra labial scales (SpLR and SpLR), post-ocular scales (PtOR and PtOL), interparietal scales (IP), sub-caudal scales (SubCS and SubCP), and ventral (V), these characters may be useful for identification of some populations in Indonesia. Further studies involving more representative samples are needed to confirm these findings. Keywords: King Cobra, Indonesia, Morphology, Taxonomy, Sundaland, Wallacean ABSTRAK King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836) adalah ular berbisa terpanjang dan predator puncak yang tersebar di beberapa pulau yang menjadi bagian dari dua wilayah biogeografis, yaitu wilayah Sundaland dan Wallacean. Penyebaran spesies ini dihalangi oleh masalah geografis karena spesies ini ditemukan di pulau-pulau yang berbeda dan dipisahkan oleh laut. Hal ini menjadi penghalang dalam jangkauan distribusi king cobra yang sering mengaburkan garis keturunan. Dengan demikian, kondisi ini diharapkan telah memberikan kemungkinan yang cukup untuk variasi karakter morfologi. Peneliti terfokus pada karakter morfologi dari 21 spesimen yang disimpan di Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Pusat Penelitian Biologi, Badan Penelitian dan Inovasi Indonesia (BRIN). Semua spesimen tersebut mewakili jangkauan distribusinya di Indonesia. Semua spesimen dianalisis berdasarkan delapan karakter mensural (morfometrik) dan 40 karakter multistatis (meristik). Dari 21 spesimen, hanya 15 spesimen yang representatif untuk dianalisis. Berdasarkan hasil Principal Component Analysis (PCA), tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara king cobra dari Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, dan Sunda Kecil (Lombok). Pada karakter meristik menunjukkan variasi pada sisik infra labial kanan (IfLR), sisik supra labial (SpLR dan SpLR), sisik post-ocular (PtOR dan PtOL), sisik interparietal (IP), sisik sub-caudal (SubCS dan SubCP), dan ventral (V), karakter tersebut mungkin berguna untuk identifikasi beberapa populasi di Indonesia. Penelitian lebih lanjut yang melibatkan sampel yang lebih representatif diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi temuan ini. Kata kunci: King Cobra, Indonesia, Morfologi, Taksonomi, Sundaland, Wallacean

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