Analisis Vegetasi Tumbuhan Asing Invasif di Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Dr. Moh. Hatta, Padang, Sumatera Barat

Maifairus, Sahira (2016) Analisis Vegetasi Tumbuhan Asing Invasif di Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Dr. Moh. Hatta, Padang, Sumatera Barat. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Dr. Moh. Hatta merupakan suatu kawasan untuk pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati. Invasi tumbuhan asing invasif dapat menurunkan keanekaragaman sumber daya hayati di kawasan konservasi. Penelitian tentang analisis vegetasi tumbuhan asing invasif di kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Dr. Moh. Hatta, Padang, Sumatera Barat telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2015. Analisis vegetasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode petak ganda yang diletakkan secara sistematis dengan jarak antar plot 10 meter. Plot dibuat sebanyak 25 plot untuk masing-masing tingkatan vegetasi dengan metode plot bersarang. Plot berukuran 10x10 meter untuk pohon, 5x5 meter untuk sapling dan 2x2 meter untuk vegetasi dasar. Identifikasi dilakukan secara langsung dilapangan dan untuk jenis yang tidak diketahui dilakukan identifikasi di Herbarium Universitas Andalas. Analisis data mengenai komposisi dan struktur dilakukan pada semua tingkatan vegetasi (vegetasi dasar, sapling dan pohon). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 18 spesies dengan 12 famili tumbuhan asing invasif. Famili yang tergolong dominan pada vegetasi dasar adalah Leguminosae dan Asteraceae dengan nilai 27,63% dan 21,58%, untuk sapling adalah Leguminosae dengan nilai 82,44% dan untuk pohon adalah Leguminosae dengan nilai 100%. Indeks nilai penting pada tingkat vegetasi dasar Borreria laevis 21,64%, sapling Calliandra calothyrsus 162,11% dan pohon Nephelium sp. 73,91%. Indeks keanekaragaman tumbuhan di kawasan ini untuk tingkat vegetasi dasar tergolong tinggi (H’=3,16). Pada tingkat sapling dan pohon tergolong sedang (H’=1,62 dan H’=2,28). Kata kunci : Analisis vegetasi, komposisi dan struktur, Taman Hutan Raya Dr. Moh. Hatta, tumbuhan asing invasif Dr. Moh. Hatta Grand Forest Park is a region for conserving biodiversity. Invasion of the invasive alien species can decrease of biodiversity in corservation areas. Analysis on vegetation of invasive alien plants in Dr. Moh. Hatta Grand Forest Park region, Padang, West Sumatra was conducted in June-August 2015. Vegetation analysis was using a double square that placed systematically with distance between plots was 10 meters. Plots were made 25 plots for each vegetation level. Sized of the plots 10x10 meters used for trees, 5x5 meters used for sapling and 2x2 meters used for understory vegetation. Samples were observed in the field and identified at Herbarium of Andalas University. Analysis of data were about composision and structure at all levels of vegetation (understory vegetation, sapling and tree) were analyzed. The results of the study indicated that found 18 species belonging 12 families of invasive alien plants species were clarified. The dominan families at understory vegetation plants were Leguminosae and Asteraceae (27.63% and 21.58% respectively), for sapling was Leguminosae (82.44%) and tree the was Leguminosae (100%). Importance value index of understory vegetation was Borreria laevis 21.64%, for sapling was Calliandra calothyrsus 162.11% and for trees was Nephelium sp. 73.91%. Index of plant diversity of this region for the understory vegetation classified as high (H’= 3.16) and for sapling and tree were moderate (H’= 1.62 and H’= 2.28 respectively). Keywords: analysis of vegetation, composition and structure, Dr. Moh. Hatta Grand Forest Park, invasive alien plants

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