Modifikasi Lempung Tanah Datar Dan Aplikasi Katalitiknya Dalam Pembuatan Metil Ester

Mustika, Mega (2021) Modifikasi Lempung Tanah Datar Dan Aplikasi Katalitiknya Dalam Pembuatan Metil Ester. Diploma thesis, Unniversitas Andalas.

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Abstract

In this research, modification of Tanah Datar clay has been carried out with Ni metal as a heterogeneous catalyst in the manufacture of methyl esters. The domestic natural clay used was modified with NiSO4.6H2O and Ni(NO3)2.6H2O by cation exchange method to produce heterogeneous catalysts h-clay/Ni-sulfate and h-clay/Ni-nitrate. This heterogeneous catalyst was applied in the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) transesterification reaction to produce methyl esters. The homogeneous catalysts of Ni-sulfate and Ni-nitrate, and parent clays (h-clay and c/h-clay) were also tested for their catalytic activity in the CPO transesterification reaction. The transesterification reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions: the molar ratio of oil: methanol was 1:6; catalyst: methanol molar ratio 1 : 10; reaction temperature 85°C; stirring speed 800 rpm; and a reaction time of 4 hours. The characterization of the clay using XRF showed that the Tanah Datar clay contains elements that are dominated by Si and Al. XRD results show that Tanah Datar clay contains minerals kaolinite, geotite, hematite, quartz, illite and illite-montmorillonite. The catalytic performance of the h-clay/Ni-nitrate heterogeneous catalyst gave a much higher methyl ester yield of 47.80%, while the catalytic performance of the h-clay/Ni-sulfate catalyst resulted in a lower methyl ester yield of 4.74%. The catalytic performance of the homogeneous Ni-sulfate catalyst gave the methyl ester yield of 81.9% and the Ni-nitrate catalyst of 9.39%. The catalytic performance of the h-clay parent clay gave 51.19% methyl ester yield, while the c/h-clay clay yielded 1.9% methyl ester. The h-clay/Ni-nitrate catalyst produced more varied types of methyl esters and the saturated chain methyl ester content was higher than that of h-clay/Ni-sulfate. This heterogeneous h-clay/Ni-nitrate catalyst is promising to be applied to the CPO transesterification reaction under optimum reaction conditions to produce a high percentage of methyl ester yield and high recyclability of the catalyst. Keyword : Clay, Methyl Esters, Cation Exchange, Transesterification, Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

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