PERANAN AMELIORAN KOMPOS SERASAH BAMBU DALAM MEMPERBAIKI SIFAT KIMIA TANAH BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN BAMBU (Bambu soideae)

isrida, isrida (2021) PERANAN AMELIORAN KOMPOS SERASAH BAMBU DALAM MEMPERBAIKI SIFAT KIMIA TANAH BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN BAMBU (Bambu soideae). Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Abstrak Kegiatan penambangan emas di Kabupaten Dharmasraya menimbulkan dampak pencemaran lingkungan dan penurunan kualitas tanah. Kerusakan tanah yang ditimbulkan oleh aktivitas pertambangan emas adalah terjadinya pencemaran tanah oleh Hg (merkuri), sehingga perlu dilakukan penambahan amelioran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peranan kompos serasah bambu dalam memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah bekas tambang , merekomendasikan dosis kompos serasah bambu yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman bambu (Bambu soideae) serta mengurangi kadar Hg (merkuri) pada tanah bekas tambang emas di Nagari Gunung Medan, Kecamatan Sitiung, Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kawat Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas Padang. Penelitian terdiri dari 5 perlakuan (A= kontrol, B= 5 ton/Ha, C=10 ton/Ha, D= 15 ton/Ha, dan E= 20 ton/Ha) dan 4 ulangan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pemberian kompos serasah bambu dengan dosis 20 ton/Ha mampu memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah bekas tambang emas seperti meningkatkan pH tanah sebesar 0.89 unit, Corganik sebesar 0.33 %, N-total sebesar 0.1 %, P-tersedia sebesar 22.68 %, KTK sebesar 4.75 cmol/kg dan menurunkan Al-dd sebesar 0.04 cmol/kg jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian kompos serasah bambu mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman bambu (Bambu soideae). Pertumbuhan optimum tanaman bambu umur 3 bulan di dapatkan pada perlakuan E (20 ton/Ha) merupakan rekomendasi perlakuan terbaik dengan peningkatan tinggi tanaman sebesar 60.75 cm, lingkar batang sebesar 2.7cm dan jumlah daun sebanyak 252 helai dibanding kontrol. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kompos serasah bambu mampu mengurangi kadar Hg (merkuri) pada tanah dan tanaman. Perlakuan E dengan dosis 20 ton/Ha mampu mengurangi kadar Hg tanah sebesar 0.275 ppm dan kadar Hg pada tanaman sebesar 0.038 ppm jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kata kunci : tanah bekas tambang emas, kompos serasah bambu, bambu ROLE OF COMPOST DERIVED FROM BAMBOO LITTER AS SOIL AMELIORAN IN IMPROVING CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF EX-GOLD MINED SOIL AND THE GROWTH OF BAMBOO (Bambu soideae) PLANT Abstract Gold mining activities in Dharmasraya Regency have resulted in environmental pollution and decreased soil quality. Soil damage caused by gold mining activities is due to high Hg (mercury), in the contaminated soil. This study was aimd to examine the role of bamboo litter compost in improving the chemical properties of ex-mined soil, in determining the best dosage of bamboo litter compost to improve the growth of bamboo (Bambu soideae) plants, and in reducing levels of Hg (mercury) in exgold mined soil in Nagari Gunung Medan, Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency. The research was carried out at the Wire House, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments (A = control, B = 5 t/ha, C = 10 t/ha, D = 15 t/ha, and E = 20 t/ha) with 4 replications, the treatment was allocated based on completely randomized design (CRD). Application of bamboo litter compost at a dose of 20 t/ha was able to improve the chemical properties of the ex-gold mined soil such as increasing soil pH by 0.89 units, org-C by 0.33%, total-N by 0.1%, P available by 22.68%, CEC by 4.75 cmol/kg and to decrease Alexchageable by 0.04 cmol/kg compared to the control. Application of bamboo litter compost could increase the growth of bamboo (Bambu soideae) plants. The optimum growth of bamboo at three months old was obtained at treatment E (20 t/ha). This E treatment increased in plant height by 60.75 cm, a trunk circumference by 2.7 cm, and the number of leaves by 252. The E treatment (20 t/ha) was able to reduce Hg levels in soil by 0.275 ppm and in plant by 0.038 ppm compared to the control. Key words: ex-gold mined land, bamboo litter compost, bamboo

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