KOMPATIBILITAS RIZOBAKTERI Bacillus spp. TERSELEKSI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Meloidogyne spp. DAN PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT

Mila, Mila Rahma Dani (2020) KOMPATIBILITAS RIZOBAKTERI Bacillus spp. TERSELEKSI UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Meloidogyne spp. DAN PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Meloidogyne spp. merupakan salah satu nematoda endoparasit pada tanaman tomat yang menyebabkan bengkak akar dan kehilangan hasil 23-38%. Pengendalian Meloidogyne spp. umumnya dengan nematisida dilaporkan berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, sebagai alternatif pengendalian hayati yang ramah lingkungan yaitu rizobakteri Bacillus spp. Penelitian terdahulu melaporkan bahwa beberapa Bacillus spp. mampu mengendalikan penyakit oleh bakteri dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman tomat dan cabai. Kelompok Bacillus spp. ini diharapkan juga mampu mengendalikan patogen lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis Bacillus spp. terseleksi yang mampu mengendalikan Meloidogyne spp. dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman tomat. Penelitian bersifat percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 11 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 8 spesies/galur Bacillus, nematisida (Carbofuran), Meloidogyne spp. dan kontrol. Tanaman tomat diintroduksi dengan Bacillus spp. 2 kali yaitu perlakuan benih dan perlakuan bibit sebelum ditanam ke polybag. Meloidogyne spp. diinokulasi pada tanaman tomat umur 28 hari setelah tanam (hst). Peubah yang diamati yaitu perkembangan penyakit bengkak akar oleh Meloidogyne spp., pertumbuhan bibit, fase vegetatif, generatif dan hasil buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus spp. yang terbaik mengurangi perkembangan Meloidogyne spp. adalah B. thuringiensis galur RBI2AB1.1; untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil yaitu B. subtilis galur RBIBPL2.3; menekan perkembangan Meloidogyne spp. dan memacu pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman tomat yaitu B. subtilis galur RBIBPL2.3. Kata kunci: Bacillus spp., Meloidogyne spp., rizobakteri, tomat COMPATIBILITY OF SELECTED Bacillus spp. FOR CONTROL OF Meloidogyne spp. AND TO INCREASE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO PLANTS ABSTRACT Meloidogyne spp. is one of endoparasite nematodes in tomato plant which caused root-knot, and yield loss 23-38%. The common control of Meloidogyne spp. with nematicides was reported causing negative impact to the environment. An alternative to environmentally friendly biological control, such as the rhizobacteria Bacillus spp. The previous research reported that some Bacillus spp. are be able to control disease by bacteria and increase the growth and yield of tomato and chili plants. This rhizobacteria are also expected to be able control other pathogens. The aims of this research was to obtain the selected Bacillus spp. to control Meloidogyne spp. and to increase the growth and yield of tomato plants. The research designed in completely randomize with 11 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of 8 species/strains of Bacillus spp., nematicides (Carbofuran), Meloidogyne spp. inoculated tomato and control. The Bacillus spp. have inoculated as seed treatment and seedling treatment before transplanting. Meloidogyne spp. was inoculated on tomato plants 28 days after planting. The parameters were observed the development of root-knot by Meloidogyne spp., seedling growth, vegetative phase, generative phase and fruit yields. The results showed that the best Bacillus spp for controlling Meloidogyne spp. is B. thuringiensis strain RBI2AB1.1; for enhancing growth and yield namely B. subtilis strain RBIBPL2.3; and for controlling Meloidogyne spp. and stimulate growth and yield namely B. subtilis strain RBIBPL2.3. Key word: Bacillus spp. Meloidogyne spp. rhizobacteria, tomato

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