KOMUNITAS SEMUT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN KOTO BARU KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA

YOGI, BUANA PUTRA (2021) KOMUNITAS SEMUT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN KOTO BARU KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA. Diploma thesis, UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS.

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Abstract

KOMUNITAS SEMUT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN KOTO BARU KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA ABSTRAK Semut termasuk famili dari Ordo Hymenoptera yang memiliki keanekaragaman tinggi, baik keanekaragaman spesies ataupun ekosistem. Perkebunan kelapa sawit menjadi salah satu ekosistem yang sesuai untuk famili tersebut. Pada ekosistem tersebut semut memiliki beberapa fungsi salah satunya sebagai musuh alami, fungsi tersebut dapat dioptimalkan untuk mengendalikan hama pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan mempelajari komunitas semut pada perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Nagari Koto Padang dan Sialang Gaung, Kecamatan Koto Baru, Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2018. Metode pengambilan sampel yakni koleksi langsung/hand collecting, bait trap dan pitfall trap. Serangga contoh didentifikasi sampai tingkat spesies, yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengelolaan Hama Terpadu, Kampus III Universitas Andalas Dharmasraya. Total semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) yang didapat selama penelitian sebanyak 8.729 individu terdiri dari 19 spesies. Kelimpahan spesies semut tertinggi yaitu Anoplolepis graciliphes dan terendah yaitu Pheidole sp. Indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan semut <1 artinya tergolong rendah dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) berkisar antara 0.01 – 0.30. Kata Kunci: Kelapa Sawit, Komunitas Semut, Identifikasi, Anoplolepis graciliphes, Pheidole sp. COMMUNITY OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN SMALLHOLDER OIL PALM PLANTATION IN KOTO BARU SUB DISTRICT DHARMASRAYA DISTRICT ABSTRACT Ants belong to the family of the Order Hymenoptera which has high diversity, both species and ecosystem diversity. Oil palm plantations are one of the suitable ecosystems for that family. In this ecosystem, ants have several function, like being a natural enemy, it is can be optimized to control pests in oil palm plants. For this reason, the present study aimed to studying the community of ants in smallholder oil palm plantations. The research was conducted in Koto Padang and Sialang Gaung Villages, Koto Baru Sub district, Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra Province, from June until August 2018. The sampling methods were by direct collection / hand collecting, bait trap and pitfall trap. The insect samples were identified to the species level, and it was carried out at the Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, 3rd Campus, Andalas University in Dharmasraya. Total ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) obtained during the study were 8.729 individuals consisted of 19 species. The highest abundance of ant species was Anoplolepis graciliphes and the lowest was Pheidole sp. The diversity and evenness index of the ants <1 i.e low category and the Importance Value Index (IVI) ranges from 0.01 to 0.30. Keywords: Oil Palm, Ants Community, Identification, Anoplolepis graciliphes, Pheidole sp.

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