KARAKTERISTIK BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN KANDUNGAN MERKURI (Hg) LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS DAN LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI NAGARI TEBING TINGGI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA

MANULLANG, DAVID WILLY SAPUTRA (2020) KARAKTERISTIK BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN KANDUNGAN MERKURI (Hg) LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS DAN LAHAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI NAGARI TEBING TINGGI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA. Other thesis, BUDIDAYA PERKEBUNAN.

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Abstract

Penelitian yang dilakukan di Nagari Tebing Tinggi Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya ini dilatar belakangi oleh keinginan untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya lahan khususnya lahan akses terbuka bekas tambang emas dengan budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sifat kimia tanah, tingkat kesuburan lahan, serta tingkat pencemaran kandungan merkuri (Hg) pada lahan bekas tambang emas dengan perbandingan kesuburan kimia lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel tanah untuk analisis sifat kimia tanah dilakukan dengan pemboran sedalam 0-40 cm dengan 12 titik sampel yang terbagi atas 4 lokasi yang mana 3 lokasi di lahan bekas tambang emas dikelompokkan atas tiga segmen yaitu segmen 1, 2 dan 3 dan satu lokasi berada di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Parameter sifat kimia tanah yang diamati adalah pH, Al-dd, C-organik, Rasio C/N, Kadar N, P, K dan Hg (merkuri). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik sifat kimia tanah pada lahan bekas tambang emas telah mengalami penurunan tingkat kesuburan tanah yaitu ditandai dengan nilai pH dan kandungan C-organik yang sangat rendah sehingga hara yang terkandung dalam lahan tersebut sangat minim apabila dibandingkan dengan kesuburan pada lahan kelapa sawit. Hal ini ditandai pada lahan kelapa sawit memiliki kandungan C-organik yang tergolong tinggi dan N-total tergolong dalam kritera sedang. Untuk dapat memanfaatkan sumber daya lahan akses terbuka bekas tambang emas, maka perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan-perbaikan baik secara fiska, kimia maupun biologi tanah. Kata Kunci: Penurunan sifat kimia tanah, lahan bekas tambang emas, lahan kelapa sawit, merkuri, degradasi lahan The present study was conducted in Tebing Tinggi Village, Pulau Punjung Sub-district, Dharmasraya District was motivated by a desire to exploit land resources, especially open access land that was formerly a gold mine by cultivating oil palm plants. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of soil chemical properties, the soil fertility level, and the level of mercury (Hg) contamination in former gold mining land by compared with the soil chemical fertility of oil palm plantations. The research method was a survey by purposive sampling. The Soil sampling for analysis of soil chemical properties was carried out by drilling of 0-40 cm deep with 12 sample points divided into 4 locations, where 3 locations in the former gold mine area that were grouped into three segments, namely segments 1, 2 and 3 and one location was in oil palm land. The parameters of soil chemical properties observed were pH, Al-dd, C-organic, C / N Ratio, N, P, K and Hg (Mercury). The results of this research, shows that the characteristics of soil chemical properties in the former gold mining area have decreased the level of soil fertility, characterized by the very low pH value and C-organic content, so that the nutrients contained in the land are very limited when compared to the soil fertility in oil palm land. This is indicated by the fact that the oil palm land has a high C-organic content and a moderate level of N-total content. The utilization of the land resources of the former gold mine, it is necessary to do land improvements in terms of soil physically, chemically and biologically. Keywords: Decrease in soil chemical properties, former gold mining land, oil palm land, mercury, land degradation

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