CHARACTERISTICS OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD

Dyane, Dyane (2015) CHARACTERISTICS OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD. Masters thesis, UPT. Perpustakaan Unand.

Text 201508190045th_skripsi gabung dyane.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)

Abstract

Background Development of a country can be seen from the level of economic growth and per-capita income. However, economic growth and income per-capita of a country does not necessarily guarantee a high level of prosperity for its people. Several empirical studies have proven to provide a variety of conclusions. Deininger (1995) and Squire (1996) concluded that there is a positive correlation between a country's economic growth with poverty. However, based on research conducted by the World Bank (1990), Field and Jakobson (1989), Ravallion (1995) showed no correlation between economic growth and poverty. The positive correlation between the level of per capita income to poverty is not only determined by the high growth in per-capita income, but must also be seen how much inequality of income or income distribution across the population, or what is called the Gini Ratio. The pattern of poverty in Indonesia over the last 16 years is not much decreased. If the Gini ratio is used as an indicator of poverty are dominant Meanwhile ,Gini index increased from 0,30 in 2000 to 0,41 in 2013. This fact is quite in contrast to ASEAN countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines, which have economic growth similar to Indonesia, but the level of the Gini ratio of these countries showed a significant decrease. 17 According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), in 2013 the population of Indonesia who are poor reaches 11,47% of the total population of 28,5 million people While the poor people in West Sumatra Province in 2013, there were 380.626 poor households, consisting of 258.060 households in city and 122.566 in rural reas (BPS). Among the 12 (fourteen) District and 7 Municipality in the province of West Sumatra, Solok including areas with the highest poverty level in 20013, reaching 10,26% of the total population of 36.860 inhabitants (BPS). Poverty is defined as the inability to meet the minimum standard of living (Kuncoro, 1997). Then BPS defines poverty in 2 (two) size is the size of income and non-income measure (Bappenas, 2009). Poverty based on income size seen from the level of income / expenditure of individuals to meet the minimum basic needs. Furthermore, poverty is based on the size of non-income poverty due to limited consumption / access to basic needs and basic services such as housing, education, health care, sanitation and clean water services, and limited access to finance and business capacity.Thus, it is known that poverty can occur as a result of internal and external factors, such as income per capita, level of education and maternal mortality. The per capita income is the magnitude of the average income of the population in a country. The per capita income is obtained from the results of the Division of national income of a country with a total population of the country. Per capita income also reflect the GDP per capita. The per capita income is often used as a benchmark of prosperity and the level of development of a country; the greater the income per capita, the more prosperous countries..Further 18 education,education as one of the many vital and it needs as well as needs for food, clothing and the Board. Even in the small nation that is family, education is a basic requirement. The rate of maternal mortality is also a determining factor of poverty. High level of maternal mortality such as malnutrition and high threat of disease due to unhealthy environment will affect the low productive work day, resulting in lower productivity and low incomes. Limitations relating to agricultural land, causing difficulties for people earn income to meet household needs. In such conditions, encouraging people to seek other employment alternatives to meet the needs or increase income to avoid poverty. Poverty is not just economic issues, but will have broad impact on the social issues that will form its own social values and ultimately become a culture of the poor. Therefore, poverty alleviation always be used as the main program and the target of development or ideals of a country. Referring to the national aspirations of achieving a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the problem of poverty in Indonesia is a fundamental problem that needs to be resolved. The magnitude of the impact of poverty in the community caused by several factors, the authors are keen to discuss the causes of high poor households in rural areas with emphasis on the discussion of the characteristics of household poverty to determine the cause of the dominant, so that it can also solutions right to suppress or reduce the level of poverty in West Sumatera especially in rural 19 areas. Based on the background and objectives, then this discussion will be into a thesis entitled: "CHARACTERISTICS OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD (Case Study : West Sumatera, period from 1994 to 2013) ”

Actions (login required)

View Item