Model Tsunami Walkability Index (TWI) Melalui Pengembangan Parameter Dan Indikator Walkability

Rifwan, Fitra (2026) Model Tsunami Walkability Index (TWI) Melalui Pengembangan Parameter Dan Indikator Walkability. S3 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Tsunamis pose a massive risk, potentially causing extensive loss of life and property. Managing this risk requires effective evacuation systems, including the design of well-planned evacuation route infrastructure. This dissertation aims to develop a model for assessing the suitability of pedestrian routes for tsunami evacuation. A pilot study was conducted in Padang City, an area prone to tsunamis. The research objectives included evaluating existing infrastructure suitability and formulating model design parameters. The methodology employed a quantitative descriptive approach involving pre-surveys, field observations, and questionnaire-based data collection. Model formulation was based on aligning pedestrian quality indicators—specifically the Global Walkability Index (GWI)—with evacuation route requirements established by the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB). Data collection involved relevant experts, 350 respondents for perception analysis, and 105 respondents for Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. Analytical methods used included descriptive statistics, AHP, and multiple regression. The analysis identified four critical parameters for evacuation route infrastructure design: walking path mode conflict, availability of walking paths, amenities, and obstructions. The resulting walkability index model is TWI = 47,78 – 0,60 X1 + 1,08 X2 + 0,48 X3 – 1,26 X4, with "Availability of Walking Paths" identified as a significant variable in determining route suitability. Based on this model, a score of 50 was established as the critical threshold (cut-off score). Routes scoring below 50 are classified as "Unsuitable for Tsunami Evacuation" due to technical risks that impede pedestrian evacuation speeds. The study concludes that four parameters—along with their respective indicators—have been established to assess whether an area is suitable for pedestrian-based tsunami evacuation. Utilizing this TWI model will assist policymakers in planning sustainable, disaster-resilient transportation infrastructure for cities vulnerable to disasters, particularly tsunamis.

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