Perbandingan Karakteristik Kolektor Surya Plat Datar Dengan Variasi Absorber Pasir Pantai Hitam Dan Tanpa Pasir Pantai Hitam

Sihotang, Ananda Kristo Alison (2026) Perbandingan Karakteristik Kolektor Surya Plat Datar Dengan Variasi Absorber Pasir Pantai Hitam Dan Tanpa Pasir Pantai Hitam. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical country with significant solar energi potential, with an average solar radiation intensity of approximately 4.8 kWh/m²/day. This potential can be utilized as an alternative energi source through solar collector technology. One of the commonly used technologies is the flat-plate solar collector, which converts solar radiation into thermal energi. The performance of a solar collector is strongly influenced by the absorber material, which functions to absorb and store heat before transferring it to the working fluid. This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of flat-plate solar collectors using aluminum plate absorber, black beach sand absorber, and a combination of aluminum plate and black beach sand absorber. The research was conducted experimentally for three days from 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM with data collection intervals of 30 minutes. The observed parameters included inlet and outlet air temperatur, absorber temperatur, solar radiation intensity, and wind speed. The results showed that increasing solar radiation intensity was directly proportional to the increase in absorber temperatur and outlet air temperatur. The combination absorber of aluminum plate and black beach sand produced the highest absorber temperatur of 108.30°C and outlet air temperatur of 82.5°C. In addition, the highest collector efficiency of 23.88% was obtained from the combination absorber, followed by black beach sand absorber ranging from 14.42%–19.86% and aluminum plate absorber ranging from 10.84%–19.72%. These results indicate that black beach sand improves heat absorption and heat storage capability, resulting in better flat-plate solar collector performance

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