Simulation Of Electron Dose Distribution For Dragon Fruit Phytosanitary Using Ellipsoid Model With Particle And Heavy Ion Transport Code System

Ibrahim, Ibrahim (2026) Simulation Of Electron Dose Distribution For Dragon Fruit Phytosanitary Using Ellipsoid Model With Particle And Heavy Ion Transport Code System. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

This study aims to develop a Monte Carlo simulation model using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) to analyze the distribution of 10 MeV electron doses in a dragon fruit ellipsoid model and to validate the accuracy of dose predictions by comparing specific positions, specifically top, middle, and bottom, as well as statistical evaluation of experimental data. Simulations were performed on nine variations of dragon fruit sizes with combination of three vertical diameters, consisting of (7.0, 7.4, 7.7) cm, and three mass ranges (300, 350, 400) g in two-sided irradiation configuration. The scanning horn model was validated using Riso Aluminum Wedge experimental data with mean deviation is 2.55%. The simulation results showed that two-sided irradiation produced uniform dose distribution with a Dose Uniformity Ratio (DUR) value ranging from 1.15 to 1.32. All DUR values were below the maximum limit of 2.5 set by ISO/ASTM 51649 for phytosanitary processes, thus meeting the required dose uniformity criteria. The average Dmin 380.97 ± 12.22 approximated the 400 Gy generic phytosanitary threshold recommended for Bactrocera dorsalis inactivation, while the average Dmax 470.34 ± 8.99 Gy is below the fruit quality degradation threshold. Comprehensive statistical validation was performed, including Bland-Altman analysis, paired t-tests, and relative deviation calculations. The results showed good agreement between the simulation and experimental measurements using alanine dosimeters at the geometric center with average relative deviation of 10.52% (p=0.1513). However, at the top and bottom surface positions, systematic bias in the form of dose underestimation (30-34) % (p<0.001) was found, caused by the assumption of material homogeneity that did not capture the backscattering effect of electrons at the interface between the air and the fruit tissue.

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