Akbar, Alvin Niqmatull (2025) Identifikasi dan Pemetaan Sebaran Rayap pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Timpeh Kabupaten Dharmasraya. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.
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Abstract
Rayap merupakan salah satu organisme yang berpotensi menurunkan produktivitas kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Timpeh, sehingga diperlukan identifikasi spesies dan pemetaan sebarannya untuk mendukung pengelolaan hama yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies rayap dan memetakan sebarannya pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Timpeh, Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan penentuan titik sampel secara purposive sampling berdasarkan beberapa kriteria, antara lain adanya gejala serangan pada tanaman, kondisi kelembapan udara ≥ 60%, keberadaan kayu lapuk, keberadaan sarang rayap, dan lokasi pengambilan sampel dipilih pada area perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berada di tepi jalan lokal dengan jarak sekitar 0-15 meter. Sampel rayap yang diperoleh diidentifikasi secara morfologis menggunakan mikroskop dan kunci identifikasi Ahmad (1958), Syaukani (2006), serta Kallehwaraswamy et al. (2013). Pemetaan sebaran rayap dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcGIS 10.8, sementara hubungan antara keberadaan rayap dan faktor lingkungan (suhu, intensitas cahaya, dan kelembapan) dianalisis menggunakan Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat enam spesies rayap di Kecamatan Timpeh, yaitu Macrotermes gilvus, Coptotermes curvignathus, Pericapritermes mohri, Dicuspiditermes nemorosus, Nasutitermes longinasus, dan Termes propinquus. Spesies M. gilvus memiliki sebaran paling luas di seluruh kecamatan dan tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh faktor lingkungan, melainkan karena kemampuan adaptasinya yang tinggi. Sementara itu, spesies lainnya memiliki sebaran yang lebih terbatas dan cenderung dipengaruhi oleh kelembapan, intensitas cahaya, dan ketersediaan bahan organik. Hasil pemetaan memberikan dasar penting dalam penentuan area prioritas pengendalian dan strategi pengelolaan rayap di perkebunan kelapa sawit agar lebih efektif dan efisien. Termites are one of the organisms that have the potential to reduce oil palm productivity in Timpeh District, so it is necessary to identify the species and map their distribution to support more effective and sustainable pest management. This study was conducted to identify termite species and map their distribution in oil palm plantations in Timpeh District, Dharmasraya Regency. This study used a survey method with purposive sampling based on several criteria, including the presence of plant attack symptoms, air humidity ≥ 60%, the presence of rotten wood, the presence of termite nests, and the sampling location was selected in oil palm plantation areas located on the edge of local roads at a distance of about 0-15 meters. The termite samples obtained were identified morphologically using a microscope and identification keys by Ahmad (1958), Syaukani (2006), and Kallehwaraswamy et al. (2013). Termite distribution mapping was performed using ArcGIS 10.8 software, while the relationship between termite presence and environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, and humidity) was analyzed using Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The results showed that there were six termite species in Timpeh Subdistrict, namely Macrotermes gilvus, Coptotermes curvignathus, Pericapritermes mohri, Dicuspiditermes nemorosus, Nasutitermes longinasus, and Termes propinquus. The species M. gilvus has the widest distribution throughout the subdistrict and is not significantly influenced by environmental factors, but rather by its high adaptability. Meanwhile, the other species have a more limited distribution and tend to be influenced by humidity, light intensity, and the availability of organic material. The mapping results provide an important basis for determining priority areas for control and termite management strategies in oil palm plantations to be more effective and efficient.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) |
|---|---|
| Supervisors: | Dr. Sri Heriza, S.P., M.Sc., Dr. Zahlul Ikhsan, S.P., M.P. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | C. curvignathus, Environmental, M. gilvus, Morphologically. |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > S1 Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | S1 Agroekoteknologi Agroekoteknologi |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Nov 2025 10:42 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Nov 2025 10:42 |
| URI: | http://scholar.unand.ac.id/id/eprint/515229 |
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