Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendinginan Motor Tanpa Sikat 2250 KV dengan Menggunakan Penukar Panas Tipe Kontak Tidak Langsung

Awisanhar, Randi (2025) Rancang Bangun Sistem Pendinginan Motor Tanpa Sikat 2250 KV dengan Menggunakan Penukar Panas Tipe Kontak Tidak Langsung. S1 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are widely used in miniature vehicles such as remote-controlled (RC) boats due to their high efficiency, compact size, high torque, and long service life. However, when operating under high rotational speed and continuous load, these motors tend to generate excessive heat. Without adequate thermal management, this heat buildup can degrade motor performance, damage internal components such as copper windings and permanent magnets, and ultimately lead to premature failure. To address these issues, an effective cooling system is necessary to maintain optimal motor operating temperatures. This study aims to design and develop a passive cooling system using aluminum cooling fins arranged radially around the motor’s outer surface. The system adopts an indirect contact heat exchanger concept, where heat is conducted from the motor casing to the fins, and then dissipated to the surrounding environment through natural or forced convection. The fins do not contact internal motor parts, ensuring safety and durability. Design considerations include optimizing fin geometry—such as number, thickness, height, and spacing—to maximize surface area for heat dissipation while minimizing aerodynamic drag and added weight. Experimental testing was conducted under various motor speeds (52,801 to 62,413 rpm) and airflow velocities (12,9, 9,9, and 16,9 m/s) to simulate real RC boat operation. Results showed that the fin system significantly reduced motor temperature, with an average reduction of 20 25% compared to non-cooled conditions. Even at maximum motor speed, temperatures remained stable in the range of 55–65°C. The cooling system’s performance improved with increased airflow, highlighting the important role of forced convection. Temperature measurements consistently showed the motor’s center region (position 2) as the hottest point, but it was effectively maintained within safe limits. In addition to thermal performance, the cooling system offers practical advantages: it is lightweight, easy to install, requires no additional power, and is virtually maintenance-free. This makes it especially suitable for compact systems with limited space and energy availability, such as RC boats, drones, or mobile robots. By applying this passive cooling system, motor efficiency can be sustained over time, the risk of overheating is significantly reduced, and the overall reliability of the system is enhanced.

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