PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN (Studi Kasus: Desa Wisata Nyarai, Nagari Salibutan)

Nabillah, Reghina Putri (2025) PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA DI KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN (Studi Kasus: Desa Wisata Nyarai, Nagari Salibutan). S2 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh pengembangan desa wisata berbasis komunitas menjadi strategi penting untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekaligus melestarikan alam dan budaya lokal. Desa Wisata Nyarai telah meraih berbagai penghargaan di tingkat provinsi, nasional, dan internasional, namun masih menghadapi tantangan terkait keberlanjutan partisipasi masyarakat, kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan koordinasi antaraktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat, bentuk, dan tahapan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan Desa Wisata Nyarai serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendorong dan penghambatnya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah campuran (mixed methods), meliputi observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner skala Likert. Informan terdiri atas pengurus kelompok sadar wisata, kelompok usaha, tokoh adat, pemuda, pelaku UMKM, dan pejabat dinas terkait. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif untuk mengukur tingkat partisipasi, dan kualitatif untuk memahami dinamika sosial budaya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Desa Wisata Nyarai memiliki potensi wisata alam dan budaya yang kuat, seperti Air Terjun Nyarai, jalur trekking hutan lindung, sungai alami, tradisi silek randai, kuliner lokal, dan budaya gotong royong. Potensi tersebut dimanfaatkan melalui pembangunan fasilitas wisata, termasuk gerbang masuk, toilet, gazebo, camping ground, homestay, dan pusat informasi, yang dikelola masyarakat melalui Pokdarwis dan KUPS. Partisipasi masyarakat tergolong tinggi (skor rata-rata 236,775), terlihat pada seluruh tahapan pengembangan, dengan kontribusi dominan berupa tenaga, ide, dan keahlian. Faktor pendorong mencakup potensi alam dan budaya, peran aktif Pokdarwis, dukungan pemerintah, serta keterlibatan pemuda dan UMKM. Sementara faktor penghambat meliputi keterbatasan kapasitas SDM, peran lembaga nagari yang belum optimal, pemeliharaan fasilitas, aksesibilitas, dan persaingan destinasi lain. Secara keseluruhan, pembangunan Desa Wisata Nyarai merupakan hasil kolaborasi lintas elemen yang mendorong terciptanya destinasi berbasis komunitas yang tangguh dan berkelanjutan, dengan partisipasi masyarakat sebagai kunci keberhasilan. Kata kunci: daya tarik potensi wisata, partisipasi masyarakat, pengembangan desa wisata COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM VILLAGES IN PADANG PARIAMAN REGENCY (Case Study: Nyarai Tourism Villages, Nagari Salibutan) by: Reghina Putri Nabillah (2421611003) (Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Erwin, M.Si and Dr. Devi Analia, SP, M,Si) Abstract This study is motivated by the development of community-based tourism villages as a strategic approach to enhance community welfare while preserving local natural and cultural resources. Nyarai Tourism Village has received numerous awards at provincial, national, and international levels; however, it still faces challenges related to the sustainability of community participation, human resource capacity, and coordination among stakeholders. This research aims to analyze the level, forms, and stages of community participation in the development of Nyarai Tourism Village, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors. A mixed- methods approach was employed, including participatory observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and Likert-scale questionnaires. Informants consisted of tourism awareness group (Pokdarwis) and community business group (KUPS) administrators, traditional leaders, youth, MSME actors, and relevant government officials. Data were analyzed quantitatively to measure the level of participation and qualitatively to understand socio-cultural dynamics. The results indicate that Nyarai Tourism Village possesses strong natural and cultural tourism potential, such as Nyarai Waterfall, protected forest trekking routes, natural rivers, the silek randai tradition, local culinary attractions, and the culture of mutual cooperation. These potentials have been utilized through the development of tourism facilities, including entrance gates, toilets, gazebos, camping grounds, homestays, and information centers, managed by the community through Pokdarwis and KUPS. Community participation is classified as high (average score 236.775) across all stages of development, with dominant contributions in labor, ideas, and expertise. Supporting factors include natural and cultural potentials, active Pokdarwis participation, government support, and involvement of youth and MSMEs, while inhibiting factors include limited human resource capacity, underperforming formal village institutions, facility maintenance, accessibility, and competition from other destinations. Overall, the development of Nyarai Tourism Village reflects cross- sector collaboration, creating a resilient and sustainable community-based destination, with community participation as the key to its success. Keywords:tourism attraction potential, community participation, tourism village development

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