Roni, Vebrian (2019) GERAKAN ANTI IMPERIALISME DAN ANTI KAPITALISME DI PADANGPANJANG: KAJIAN SURAT KABAR DJAGO! DJAGO DAN PEMANDANGAN ISLAM (1923-1924). Diploma thesis, Universits Andalas.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Gerakan Anti Imperialisme dan Anti Kapitalisme di Padangpanjang: Kajian Surat Kabar Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam (1923-1924). Kedua surat kabar terafiliasi dengan organisasi pergerakan Sarekat Rakyat Padangpanjang. Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam adalah dua surat kabar yang tidak bisa dilepaskan satu sama lain, bahkan bisa dikatakan “satu”. Keduanya menjadi pioner surat kabar komunis Islam di Sumatera Barat, khususnya Padangpanjang. Kedua surat kabar lahir dengan tujuan membela rakyat tertindas dan pribumi dari penjajahan, sesuai tujuan komunisme dan Islam. Untuk membedah gagasan yang dimuat dalam kedua surat kabar, penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah, yang meliputi pengumpulan sumber (heuristik) berupa sumber primer dari salinan surat kabar Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam tahun 1923-1924. Sebagai pelengkap, penelitian ini juga menggunakan catatan Belanda, sumber sekunder berupa surat kabar sezaman, karya-karya ilmiah berupa buku, jurnal, dan hasil penelitian lainnya. Sumber-sumber ini kemudian dikritisi secara intern dan ekstern. Ini merupakan langkah klasifikasi sumber, yang meliputi gagasan dan fakta sejarah yang dimuat dalam kedua surat kabar. Gagasan dan fakta sejarah yang ditemukan kemudian ditafsirkan (interpretasi), dan “dijahit” dengan konsep-konsep dan pendekatan yang telah ditemukan oleh sejarawan dan ilmuwan lain sehingga melahirkan karya sejarah tentang gagasan anti-imperialisme dan anti-kapitalisme dalam surat kabar Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam. Untuk membedah secara khusus, penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode sejarah surat kabar yang diuraikan oleh Stephen Vella. Metode ini berguna untuk membongkar tentang bagaimana para penulis kedua surat kabar berpikir, bukan hanya kejadian-kejadian; kedua “pers merah” ini juga mengkritik eksploitasi ekonomi, dan bertujuan untuk membentuk pandangan rakyat kecil. Metode analisis bandingan mencakup tiga cara membaca, atau ‘lensa’ analisa: konteks sosial, konteks tekstual, dan wacana-wacana. Berdasarkan metode penelitian di atas, maka ditemukan bahwa Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam adalah dua surat kabar yang unik dalam khasanah penerbitan Sumatera Barat. Membawa ideologi sinkretis komunis Islam dalam wacana-wacana perlawanan mereka. Walaupun selalu mempropagandakan komunisme Islam, Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam nyatanya lebih banyak memuat soal ide-ide anti imperialisme dan anti kapitalisme, serta ide tentang kemerdekaan dan keindonesiaan di dalam artikel-artikel kepala. Penelitian ini mengisyaratkan bahwa masih banyak yang harus dibongkar dan dibahas lebih lanjut tentang Djago! Djago! dan Pemandangan Islam, serta peran gerakan kaum komunis untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia. Kata Kunci: sejarah surat kabar, anti-imperialisme, anti-kapitalisme, ideologi sinkretis, komunisme Islam, Ilmu Kuminih ABSTRACT This thesis is entitled Anti-Imperialist and Anti-Capitalist Movements in Padangpanjang: A Study of the Newspapers Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam (1923-1924). Both these newspapers were affiliated with Padangpanjang’s Sarekat Rakyat movement. Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam were two newspapers which cannot be separated from each other and could even be considered as “one”. They both were pioneering Islamic communist newspapers in West Sumatra and especially in Padangpanjang. The newspapers were conceived with the objective to defend oppressed and indigenous people from imperialism in accordance with the aims of communism and Islam. To dissect the ideas which were published in Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam, this research utilized a historical methodology which included the gathering of heuristic sources in the form of primary sources from copies of the newspapers Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam from the years 1923-1924. Supplementing these sources, this research also drew upon: Dutch notes; secondary sources in the form of contemporaneous newspapers; academic sources, such as books, journal articles and other research outputs. These sources were then critiqued internally and externally. This represented the step of classifying sources which included ideas and historical facts which were published in these two newspapers. These ideas and historical facts were then interpreted and “sewn” with concepts and approaches which have already been identified by historians and other scholars to produce a historical work about anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist ideas in the newspapers Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam. To dissect precisely, this research also used the newspaper history methods explained by Stephen Vella. These methods were used to deconstruct how writers of these newspapers thought more broadly rather than just about events. Both these “red publications’’ frequently criticized economic exploitation and aimed to shape the views of the lower class. This comparative mode of analyses included three types of reading, or analytic lenses: social context, textual context, and discourses. Based on the above research methods, it was found that Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam were two unique newspapers in the West Sumatran publishing world. They conveyed a syncretic ideology of Islamic communism in their discourses of resistance. Although they always spread Islamic communist propaganda, Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam actually published more on anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist ideas, and ideas about independence and Indonesian-ness in their feature articles. This research signals that there remains a lot which must be further deconstructed and analysed in Djago! Djago! and Pemandangan Islam as well as the centrality of communist movements in achieving Indonesian independence. Keywords: newspaper history, anti-imperialism, anti-capitalism, syncretic ideology, Islamic communism, “Ilmu Kuminih”
Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
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Primary Supervisor: | Dr. Wannofri Samry,M.Hum |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RK Dentistry |
Divisions: | Fakultas Ilmu Budaya > Ilmu Sejarah |
Depositing User: | S1 Ilmu Sejarah |
Date Deposited: | 24 Oct 2019 14:24 |
Last Modified: | 24 Oct 2019 14:24 |
URI: | http://scholar.unand.ac.id/id/eprint/50392 |
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