MARINE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD CHANGES IN PAHAWANG ISLAND LAMPUNG PROVINCE

Muhammad, Al Giffari (2025) MARINE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD CHANGES IN PAHAWANG ISLAND LAMPUNG PROVINCE. S2 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

This study examines the transformation of fishing villages into marine tourism villages, assessing livelihood capital changes and shifts in livelihood strategies and outcomes. Conducted on Pahawang Island, the research employs a mixed-method sequential exploratory approach. Key informants (21) were selected using the snowball technique, while surveys were conducted with 207 randomly selected household heads using cluster sampling across six hamlets. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used to analyze village transformation and the Livelihood Sustainability Index (LSI) measured changes in livelihood capital from 2016 to 2024, in-depth interviews explored livelihood strategy shifts, and surveys assessed livelihood outcomes. Findings indicate a shift from fishing and agriculture to tourism-related activities since 2012. While social, human, and physical capital improved, financial and natural capital declined, with LSI increasing slightly from 0.524 to 0.530. Despite moderate food security (0.430), the livelihood security index remains low (0.195), reflecting economic instability. However, a high index of sustainable resource utilization (0.698) suggests growing community awareness in managing tourism, agriculture, and fisheries responsibly. The livelihood outcomes index (0.441) indicates a moderate improvement in quality of life, though income disparities persist. Challenges such as land acquisition by external investors, mangrove deforestation, and coral reef degradation threaten long-term sustainability. To support sustainable tourism, the government must enforce strict land-use regulations and implement sustainability-based zoning. Strengthening partnerships between communities, MSMEs, and resort operators can foster equitable economic integration. Additionally, capacity-building programs in supply chain management will enhance local economic resilience, ensuring long-term sustainability for Pahawang’s tourism sector

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