PEMANTAPAN EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK GANDUM {Triticum aestivum L.)

YUSNIWATI, YUSNIWATI (2020) PEMANTAPAN EMBRIOGENESIS SOMATIK GANDUM {Triticum aestivum L.). Masters thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Wheat is a commodity of food imported from abroad. The high number of imports has caused Indonesia not to have independence in meeting food needs. The development of wheat cultivation in Indonesia is constrained by higher temperature factors. In order to develop wheat it is necessary to assemble tropical wheat superior varieties that are able to adapt to the environment through hybridization, mutation induction, tissue culture, and genetic transformation. In vitro culture with somatic embryogenesis plays a very important role in the genetic improvement of plants, integration with conventional breeding programs as well as molecular and biotechnology techniques allows somatic embryogenesis to be a way of assembling superior plant varieties. However, this is very dependent on the method of successful regeneration of explants into whole plants, so the establishment of somatic embryogenesis protocols is important to study. The purpose of this study was to obtain an induction method of embryogenic callus from Dewata varieties using five different types of explants, namely mature seed, immature embryo, immature seed, leaves and stem. The experimental design was compiled based on a completely randomized design with the treatment of embryogenic callus induction media consisting of 3 levels, namely: 1.0 mg L-1 2.4D, 1.0 mg L-l 2.4D + 1.0 mg L-l picloram, and 2.0 mg L-l 2.4D + 1.0 mg L-i picloram. The results showed that the three media used were able to induce good callus formation using mature seed and immature embryo, but immature seed explants, stems and leaves were unable to produce callus, the best medium that produces the highest percentage of embryogenic callus is 2 mg L-l 2.4D + I mg L-l picloram which is around 55.0% in immature embryo explants.

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