KELIMPAHAN POPULASI DAN TINGKAT KERUSAKAN KEPIK PENGHISAP BUAH KAKAO (Helopeltis sp.) DI KECAMATAN SITIUNG KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA

Vindy, Fetricia Amanda (2019) KELIMPAHAN POPULASI DAN TINGKAT KERUSAKAN KEPIK PENGHISAP BUAH KAKAO (Helopeltis sp.) DI KECAMATAN SITIUNG KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Dharmasraya merupakan Kabupaten yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan kakao, terbukti dengan meningkatnya luas areal perkebunan setiap tahun. Pengembangan kakao di Kab. Dharmasraya di hadapkan pada beberapa kendala yang mengakibatkan produksi kakao rendah. Kendala yang dihadapi pada proses budidaya salah satunya adalah serangan kepik penghisap buah kakao (Helopeltis sp.) Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kelimpahan populasi dan tingkat kerusakan kepik penghisap buah kakao. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya yang terdiri dari tiga nagari yaituSiguntur, Sitiung dan Gunung Medan. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai pada bulan November 2018 sampai dengan Januari 2019. Penelitian ini berbentuk survey menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Penentuan tanaman sampel dilakukan secara sistematis, sehingga terdapat 30 batang tanaman sampel pada satu lahan. Serangga contoh di koleksi dengan cara Hand Collecting dan teknik Chemical Knock Down. Kelimpahan kepik penghisap buah kakao yang diperoleh pada penelitian terolong rendah yaitu 79 individu dengan rata-rata 0,23 – 0,36 individu/batang. Akan tetapi persentase kerusakan tergolong tinggi, dimana persentase kerusakan yang tertinggi terdapat di Nagari Siguntur yakni 81,43% dan terendah di Nagari Gunung Medan yakni 70,36%. Intensitas kerusakan yang tertinggi terdapat di Nagari Siguntur yakni 73,12% dan terendah di Nagari Gunung Medan yakni 68,15%. Kata kunci : Hama, Hand Collecting, Helopeltis sp, Hemiptera, Theobroma cacao L. Dharmasraya is a district that has the potential for cacao development, proven by increasing the cacao plantation area every year. Cacao development in Dharmasraya was faced with several obstacles which resulted in low cacao production. One of the obstacles in the cultivation process is Helopeltis sp. Therefor, the purpose of this research was to study the population abundance and the damage levels of to cacao fruit sucking bugs. Research was carried out in Sitiung Sub district, Dharmasraya which consisted of three nagari namely Siguntur, Sitiung and Gunung Medan. The research began in November 2018 to January 2019. This research was a survey using the Purposive Random Sampling method. The sample plants were determine systematically, so there were 30 plant samples in each nagari. Insect samples were collected by Hand Collecting and Chemical Knock Down techniques. The abundance of cacao fruit sucking bugs was low that is 79 individuals, with averages were 0.23 – 0.36 individual / plant. However, the percentage of damage was high, where the highest was obtained in Siguntur that is 81.43% and the lowest was in Gunung Medan that is 70.36%. In addition, the highest damage intensity was found in Siguntur that was 73.12% and the lowest in Gunung Medan that was 68.15%. Keywords : Pest, Hand Collecting, Helopeltis sp, Hemiptera, Theobroma cacao L.

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