Regenerasi dan Kandungan Fitokimia Kalus Organogenik Gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) secara In Vitro

Utomo, Aprissilia Taifani Galuh (2024) Regenerasi dan Kandungan Fitokimia Kalus Organogenik Gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) secara In Vitro. S2 thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) is a high-value export commodity from West Sumatra, primarily valued for its leaves and twigs. The low productivity of gambir poses a challenge for breeders to produce high-catechin-content plants. Tissue culture through somatic organogenesis can be employed to produce high-quality gambir plants in large quantities in a short period. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) used in the culture media influence the development of explants to form root and shoot organs and increase secondary metabolite activity in the explants. This study aims to determine the interaction between Thidiazuron (TDZ) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and the effect of each PGR on the regeneration and phytochemical content of organogenic gambir callus in vitro. The experimental method used was a factorial design with two factors in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the concentration of TDZ (0; 0,04; and 0,08 mg L-1), and the second factor was the concentration of NAA (0,5; 1; 1,5; and 2 mg L-1) combined with 5 mg L-1 Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP). Data were analyzed using standard deviation and/or F-test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the combination of treatments did not induce shoot formation in gambir callus. TDZ alone significantly affected chlorophyll content in the callus, with 0 mg L-1 and 0,04 mg L-1 TDZ providing better chlorophyll content than 0,08 mg L-1 TDZ. Adventitious roots appeared between 14,5 – 23,67 days after inoculation, with the number of roots ranging from 0,3 to 2 per callus. The percentage of root formation in the callus was low, ranging from 8,33% to 41,67%, indicating that the concentrations of TDZ and NAA used in the study effectively suppressed root growth in gambir callus. Catechin content analysis using HPLC showed catechin derivatives appearing at a retention time of 9,6 in all treatments. Gambir callus treated with TDZ and NAA exhibited secondary metabolite activity, including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenols, based on histochemical tests.

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