MODEL EDUKASI KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ANTIRETROVIRAL PADA ODHA DENGAN METODE DIGITAL ANI (ACTIVE NOTIFICATION INTERVENTION)

Dr.Adriani.Skp.MKes, ANI (2024) MODEL EDUKASI KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ANTIRETROVIRAL PADA ODHA DENGAN METODE DIGITAL ANI (ACTIVE NOTIFICATION INTERVENTION). Doctoral thesis, Unand.

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Abstract

MODEL EDUKASI KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ANTIRETROVIRAL PADA ODHA DENGAN METODE DIGITAL ACTIVE NOTIFICATION INTERVENTION (ANI) oleh: Adriani Dibawah bimbingan: Ikhwana Elfitri, Afriwardi, Arina widya Murni ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Tingginya jumlah kematian pada pasien HIV/AIDS disebabkan oleh ketidakpatuhan pasien minum obat antiretroviral, bila pasien tidak patuh akan meningkatkan jumlah virus didalam darah (viral Load), artinya pengobatan gagal, maka akan berkembang penyakit dan akhirnya menyebabkan kematian. Penting bagi pasien meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang minum obat yang diajarkan melalui pendidikan kesehatan. Tujuan:Tujuan penelitian adalah terbentuknya model edukasi kepatuhan minum obat Antiretroviral pada pasien HIV/AIDS dengan menggunakan metode digital ANI Metode: Pembangunan model edukasi digital ANI dengan menggunakan konsep ADDIE yang terdiri dari lima tahap.Tahap I kualitatif dilakukan dengan pendekatan sequensial exploratory dengan jumlah informan 26 orang, untuk mendapatkan penyebab ketidakpatuhan minum obat Antiretroviral, kemudian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan cross sectional pada 128 pasien selanjutnya dilakukan analisis regresi logistic, tahap II adalah desain pengembangan model digital ANI, Tahap III adalah pengembangan disain model digital ANI dan modul kepatuhan minum obat yang melibatkan diskusi dengan para ahli, tahap IV adalah implementasi dari model edukasi digital ANI, tahap V evaluasi efektifitas model edukasi digital ANI melalui pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pada pasien. Hasil : Tahap I menghasilkan beberapa faktor penyebab ketidakpatuhan minum obat yaitu karena: Jenuh, jarak tempat tinggal yang jauh, lupa, sibuk, stigma, faktor ekonomi, merasa baik-baik saja, belum ada BPJS, takut covid-19, dan adanya efek samping obat. Pada hasil multivariate ditemukan asimilasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif penyebab ketidakpatuhan terbanyak adalah: lupa p value 0,000 (<0,05)dengan nilai kuat pengaruh (ß) adalah 8,360, takut covid-19 dengan p value 0,002, dan keberadaan LSM dengan p value 0,010, kemudian tahap II telah terbentuk desain digital ANI, tahap III menghasil model modul kepatuhan minum obat dan model digital ANI, kemudian tahap IV hasil uji coba acceptance digital ANI hasilnya evaluasinya positif, perbandingan alat digital dengan alat lain diatas rata-rata (above average) dan good. Tahap V Evaluasi bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan untuk peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pasien HIV baik sebelum dan setelah mendapatkan intervensi edukasi pada kelompok kontrol maupun kelompok intervensi. Kesimpulan: Model edukasi digital ANI dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pasien untuk menjaga kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Kata kunci: Model edukasi digital ANI, kepatuhan minum obat, Antiretroviral, HIV/AIDS. EDUCATIONAL MODEL OF ANTIRETROVIRAL COMPLIANCE IN PLHA WITH DIGITAL ACTIVE NOTIFICATION INTERVENTION (ANI) METHOD By: Adriani Supervised by: Ikhwana Elfitri, Afriwardi, Arina widya Murni Abstract Background: The high number of HIV/AIDS deaths patients is caused by non-compliance of patients taking antiretroviral drugs. If the patient does not comply it, the amount of virus in the blood (viral load) will be increased. It means that the treatment fails, the disease will develop and eventually cause death. It is important for patients to increase their knowledge about taking medication which is taught through health education. Objective: The aim of the study was to establish an educational model for adherence to antiretroviral medication in HIV/AIDS patients by using the digital ANI method. Methods: Development of an ANI digital education model by using the ADDIE concept which consists of five stages. Phase I was qualitatively carried out using a sequential exploratory approach with a total of 26 informants to find the causes of non-adherence to taking Antiretroviral medication, then carried out quantitatively with cross sectional on the next 128 patients logistic regression analysis was carried out, stage II was the design of the ANI digital model development, Stage III was the development of the ANI digital model design and medication adherence module which involved discussions with experts, stage IV was the implementation of the ANI digital education model, stage V evaluated the effectiveness of the educational model digital ANI through knowledge, attitudes and actions on patients. Results: Phase I founded that several factors that cause non-compliance with taking medication, namely: boring, long distance to live, forgetfulness, busyness, stigma, economic factors, feeling fine, health insurance yet, fear of Covid-19, and side effects drug. In the multivariate results, it was found that qualitative and quantitative assimilation was the most common cause of non-compliance: forgetting the biggest p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) with a strong influence value (ß) of 8.360, fear of Covid-19 with a p-value of 0.002, and the presence of NGOs with a value p value: 0.010, then stage II formed the ANI digital design, stage III found the drug adherence module model and digital ANI model, then stage IV the results of the ANI digital acceptance trial result are positive evaluations, the comparison of digital tools with other tools is above average (above average) and good. Stage V Evaluation that there was a significant difference in increasing knowledge, attitudes and actions of HIV patients both before and after receiving the intervention in the control group and the intervention group. Conclusion: ANI digital education model can increase patient knowledge, attitudes and actions to maintain medication adherence in HIV/AIDS patients. Keywords: ANI digital education model, adherence, antiretroviral therapy, HIV/AIDS.

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