LEMPUNG TANAH DATAR: FRAKSINASI, PERLAKUAN TERMAL, DAN APLIKASI KATALITIKNYA PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS

Zarnida, Widia Nengsih (2024) LEMPUNG TANAH DATAR: FRAKSINASI, PERLAKUAN TERMAL, DAN APLIKASI KATALITIKNYA PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS. Masters thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Natural clays have different mineral compositions and types. In this study, the mineral separation of Tanah Datar clay was carried out to determine the difference in catalytic activity in making biodiesel from waste frying oil. Based on the XRD results on h-clay, it is known that Tanah Datar clay contains kaolinite and montmorillonite minerals. Kaolinite was separated by fractionation using 5% (w/v) NH4Cl solution to produce K-clay, while the separation of montmorillonite using 2% (v/v) NH4OH solution produced Mt-clay. Each K-clay and Mt-clay was thermally treated at 850°C to produce c-K-clay and c-Mt-clay. Each catalyst was characterized by XRD (X-ray Diffraction), XRF (X-ray Fluorescence), and LPSA (Laser Particle Size Analyzer) to study the effect of fractionation and thermal treatment on the mineral type, composition, and particle size of minerals. Based on the XRD characterization analysis, it can be concluded that the fractionation process and thermal treatment affect the type and composition of minerals contained in each catalyst. In addition, XRF data analysis shows a change in the Si/Al mole ratio due to the fractionation process and thermal treatment. The average particle sizes of h-clay, K-clay, c-K-clay, Mt-clay, and c-Mt-clay were 20.75 μm, 25.76 μm, 42.94 μm, 23.94 μm, and 43.02 μm, respectively. The transesterification reaction used a mole ratio of oil and methanol of 1:6, a catalyst amount of 3% (w/w), and a stirring speed of 500 rpm at 70°C for 3 hours. The highest methyl ester yield was obtained using a c-Mt-clay catalyst (4.50%) based on GC-MS data analysis. The physical properties of biodiesel tested in this study were density and water content. The lowest density (0.865 g/cm3) and moisture content (0.02%) were obtained from the biodiesel catalyzed by c-Mt-clay.

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