INVENTARISASI PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA

Arrafijul, Pratama (2019) INVENTARISASI PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Faktor yang mendasari penelitian ini adalah rendahnya informasi tentang jenis penyakit dan patogen penyebab penyakit yang menyerang pertanaman karet serta tingkat serangannya yang dapat dijadikan dasar untuk pengelolaan penyakit tanaman karet,khususnya di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis penyakit yang menyerang tanaman karet dan mengetahui tingkat persentase serta intensitas serangan penyakit tanaman karet di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan April 2018 di tiga kecamatan yaitu: Kecamatan Pulau Punjung, Kecamatan Koto Besar dan Kecamatan Sungai Rumbai dengan metode survei secara purposive random sampling. Masing-masing kecamatan diwakili dua nagari dengan masing-masing nagari terdapat dua kebun dengan luas ± 1 ha (± 500 tanaman karet). Pada setiap kebun diambil sampel sebesar 10% (50 tanaman karet). Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terdapat enam jenis penyakit yang menyerang pertanaman karet di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Penyakit tersebut adalah Rigidoporus lignosus, Ganoderma philippii, Phellinus noxius, Xylaria thwaitesii, Mouldy rot dan Upasia salmonicolor. Persentase serangan Rigidoporus lignosus tertinggi sebesar 28% dengan intensitas serangan 15,5%, persentase serangan Ganoderma philippii sebesar 12% dengan intensitas serangan 8%, persentase serangan Phellinus noxius sebesar 18% dengan intensitas serangan 11%, persentase serangan Xylaria thwaitesii sebesar 14% dengan intensitas serangan 7%, persentase serangan Mouldy rot sebesar 24% dengan intensitas serangan 14,5% dan persentase serangan Upasia salmonicolor sebesar 16% dengan intensitas serangan 10%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut intensitas serangan dikategorikan ringan. Kata kunci: Inventarisasi, intensitas, penyakit tanaman karet, purposive random sampling INVENTORY OF DISEASES ON RUBBER PLANTS (Hevea brasiliensis) AND THEIR ATTACK LEVELS IN DHARMASRAYA DISTRICT Abstract The factor underlying this research was the scarse information on the types of diseases and pathogens causing disease on rubber plantations and their level of attack which could be used as the basis for the management of rubber plant diseases, especially in Dharmasraya District. This study was aimed at determining the types of diseases and determining the percentage and intensity levels of the disease attacking rubber plants in Dharmasraya District. This reseach was conducted from January to April 2018 in three sub-districts: Pulau Punjung, Koto Besar, and Sungai Rumbai sub-district using a survey method with purposive random sampling. Each sub-district was represented by two villages with two sampling areas (±1 ha or ± 500 rubber plants) in each village. In each sampling area there were 10% sampling plants (50 plants). The results indicated that there were six types of diseases attacking rubber plantations in the Dharmasraya District. They were Rigidoporus lignosus, Ganoderma philippii, Phellinus noxius, Xylaria thwaitesii, Mouldy rot and Upasia salmonicolor. The highest percentage of plant attacked was caused by pathogen Rigidoporus lignosus, 28%, and intensity was 15.5%. Percentage of plant attacked by Ganoderma philippii was 12% and intensity was 8%. The percentage of plant attacked by Phellinus noxius was 18% and intensity 11%. The one by Xylaria thwaitesii was 14% and intensity was 7%. The one by Mouldy rot was 24% and intensity 14.5%. The one by Upasia salmonicolor was 16% and intensity was 10%. Based on these results the intensity of the attack by all diseases were categorized as mild. Key words: Inventory, intensity, rubber plant disease, purposive random sampling

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