PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PUTUSAN PEMBATALAN ITSBAT NIKAH DARI PERKAWINAN POLIGAMI SERTA AKIBAT HUKUMNYA TERHADAP HAK WARIS ISTRI KEDUA DAN ANAK (Analisis Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 351/K/Ag/2016)

Rini, Erlina (2018) PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PUTUSAN PEMBATALAN ITSBAT NIKAH DARI PERKAWINAN POLIGAMI SERTA AKIBAT HUKUMNYA TERHADAP HAK WARIS ISTRI KEDUA DAN ANAK (Analisis Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 351/K/Ag/2016). Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS.

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Abstract

Di Indonesia, poligami dibolehkan sepanjang dibenarkan oleh agama dan aturan dalam undang undang perkawinan. Namun demikian perkawinan seorang suami yang ingin mempunyai isteri lebih dari seorang hanya dapat dilakukan apabila memenuhi berbagai persyaratan dan diputuskan oleh Pengadilan. Salah satu syarat tersebut adalah adanya persetujuan dari isteri/isteri-isteri. Untuk memperoleh persetujuan atau izin dari Isteri pertama sangatlah sulit karena umumnya perempuan tidak mau dimadu, bahkan terkadang, sang isteri mengancam akan menggugat cerai suaminya bila berpoligami, sedangkan suami tidak ingin menceraikan isterinya untuk dapat menikah lagi. Terkadang, laki-laki, secara diam-diam melakukan nikah siri dengan isteri mudanya, karena di dalam hukum agama Islam (fiqh) tidak disyaratkan adanya izin dari isteri. Setelah meninggal dunia, bila pasangan suami isteri tersebut meninggalkan harta yang cukup banyak maka dapat menimbulkan persoalan warisan. Para ahli waris dari Pihak Isteri sirri untuk memperoleh hak waris umumnya mengajukan isbat nikah dan apabila dikabulkan, ahli waris isteri pertama dapat mengajukan perlawanan melalui upaya pembatalan isbat nikah. Disinilah Pengadilan berfungsi untuk menyelesaikan perkara tersebut dengan seadil adilnya dengan mempertimbangkan semua aspek-aspeknya. Terkadang karena proses tahapan beracara yang terlanggar, majelis hakim pengadilan agama mengambil putusan yang dirasa tidak adil, dan pihak yang tidak puas dapat mengajukan banding ke Pengadilan Tinggi Agama dan apabila terdapat perbedaan putusan antara dua tingkat peradilan tersebut, maka fungsi Mahkamah Agung sebagai lembaga Peradilan tertinggi mengambil peran penting. Bardasarkan asas “audi alteram partem” , Mahkamah Agung menilai pertimbangan Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Jakarta telah benar ketika tetap mempertimbangkan jawaban tergugat, alat bukti dan mendengar saksi-saksi yang diajukan tergugat , walaupun saat diajukan sudah terlambat dan ada tahapan persidangan yang tidak dilaksanakan. Mahkamah Agung berpendapat bahwa mengenai keharusan izin dalam poligami secara filosofis bertujuan untuk memelihara kemashlahatan pihak pihak yang terikat dengan perkawinan yang sudah dan masih berlangsung sebelumnya. Kemudian kata “dapat” dalam KHI pasal 71 huruf a menunjukkan bahwa pembatalan perkawinan dengan alasan poligami tanpa izin pengadilan adalah bersifat tentatif (fakultatif), batal atau tidaknya perkawinan tersebut harus diajukan ke pengadilan dan sangat tergantung pada penilaian atas kemashlahatan dari isteri atau isteri-isteri serta anak-anak yang lahir dari perkawinan tersebut. Akibat hukum dari ditetapkannya isbat nikah berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Agama dan ditolaknya pembatalan Isbat Nikah maka Anak anak hasil perkawinan isteri Kedua memiliki hak waris atas harta peninggalan dari Ayahnya termasuk harta gono gini dari harta bersama dengan Isteri pertamanya. Kata Kunci : Pertimbangan Hakim, Pembatalan Isbat Nikah, Akibat Hukumnya JUDGMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DECISION OF CANCELLATION OF ITSBAT NIKAH FROM POLYGAMY MARRIAGE AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF HERITANCE RIGHT OF SECOND WIFE AND THEIR CHILDREN (Analysis of Supreme Court Decision Number 351 / K / Ag / 2016) ABSTRACT In Indonesia, polygamy is permissible as long as it is justified by religion and the rules in the marriage law. However, the marriage of a husband with more than a wife can only be done if it meets certain conditions and is decided by the Court. One of the conditions is the agreement of the wife / wives. To get approval or permission from the first wife is very difficult because generally women do not want if her husband remarried, sometimes the wife threatens to sue for divorce if her husband remarried, while the husband does not want to divorce his wife to get married again. Sometimes, men, secretly married in “nikah sirri” with their young wives, because in Islamic religious law (fiqh) permission is not required from the wife. After death, if the husband and wife leave enough property, it can cause inheritance problems. The heirs of the “sirri wife” to obtain inheritance rights generally proposes marriage certificate and if granted, the heirs of the first wife can file a resistance by attempting to cancel the marriage certificate.. This is where the Court functions to settle the case as fairly as fair by considering all its aspects. Sometimes, cause the procedure of the proceedings is violated, the panel of religious court judges makes decisions that are considered unfair, and the dissatisfied party can submit an appeal to the Religious High Court and if there are differences in decisions between the two levels of justice, then the function of the Supreme Court as the highest Judicial institution take an important role. Based on the principle of "audi alteram partem", the Supreme Court considered that the Jakarta Religious Court High Court's judgment was correct when continuing to consider the defendant's answers, evidence and hearing the witnesses submitted by the defendant, even though it was late and no trial was submitted. The Supreme Court is of the opinion that regarding the necessity of permission in polygamy philosophically aims to maintain the welfare of the parties bound by the marriage that have been and are still in progress. Then the word "can" in KHI article 71 letter a shows that the cancellation of marriage for reasons of polygamy without court permission is tentative (facultative), the cancellation or failure of the marriage must be submitted to the court and is very dependent on the assessment of the welfare of his wife or wives and children born to the marriage. The legal consequences of the stipulation of the marriage certificate based on the Decision of the Religious Court and the refusal of the cancellation of the Marriage Certificate, the child of the marriage of the Second wife has inheritance rights from his father's inheritance including the property of the property together with his first wife. Keywords: Judge Considerations, Cancellation of Marriage Issues, Legal consequences

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