Peranan Glomalin terhadap Perbaikan Fisika Ultisol melalui Pemberian Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Indigenous dan Bahan Organik pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays, L.)

EDDIWAL, EDDIWAL (2016) Peranan Glomalin terhadap Perbaikan Fisika Ultisol melalui Pemberian Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Indigenous dan Bahan Organik pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays, L.). Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS.

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Abstract

Abstract Ultisol has many problems for planting corn, especially physical and chemical properties, as well as very low soil organic matter. Corn productivity in Ultisol can be improved by use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) indigenous. This fungus forms a symbiotic mutualism with corn. hyphae contain glomalin and helps the absorption of nutrients and water while improving soil physical properties in a sustainable manner. AMF requires nitrogen (N) of the organic material to produce glomalin. How do the characteristics of indigenous AMF in Ultisol corn root zone, and what needs N from organic materials by the AMF already done the research. This research aims to study the characteristics of Ultisol indigenous AMF and AMF inoculant applications plus organic to improve physics Ultisol in increasing corn production. The study was conducted in three phases, starting from the exploration of indigenous AMF from corn root zone on Ultisol. Then tested the ability of AMF against root infections and glomalin production. Second, the species selected AMF given organic material to increase production glomalin and its effects on corn and physics Ultisol. The results showed 9 species of indigenous AMF from Ultisol namely Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus luteum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus verruculosum, Glomus versiforme, Scutellospora gregaria, Scutellospora heterogama and Gigaspora sp. Test results on the ability of infection and glomalin production were determined by 3 selected AMF species namely G. luteum. G. verruculosum and G. versiforme. The addition of 30 mg N organic matter on G. luteum and G. versiforme has produced the highest glomalin of 11.06 and 13.64 mg.g-1 respectively so as to have a better effect on soil physics and plant growth response on corn. Application of 20 mg AMF inoculant plus organic materials equivalent to 30 mg of N of G. versiforme obtained the highest dry seed production by 6.52 tonnes / ha. Increased corn production in Ultisol with organic plus AMF inoculant utilization reached 84% compared with no addition of AMF inoculant. Key words : glomalin, indigenous, symbiotic, Ultisol.

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