JANGKAUAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

Hesi, Eka Puteri (2017) JANGKAUAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze the issue of trade-off between financial performance and social performance in rural bank. This study also analyze the determinants of the outreach of rural bank, including commercialization factors, socio-economic-cultural policy and sharia compliance, and then comparing the difference of the outreach between Conventional Rural Bank and Islamic Rural Bank. This research was conducted by survey technique using quantitative approach at 38 Rural Bank in West Sumatera Province. The analysis of causality with the method of Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), is used to measure the effect of determinants of outreach and to identify the trade-off between social function and financial functions in Rural Banks. Meanwhile, for examining the differences of outreac between Conventional Rural Bank and Islamic Rural Bank, non-parametric comparative analysis is used. These findings reveal that the depth of outreach in Rural Bank is influenced by profitability, regulation, socioeconomic, local culture and sharia compliance. While the breadth of outreach is influenced by profitability, socioeconomic factors, organizational culture and local culture. There is no difference in the outreach of Conventional Rural Bank and Islamic Rural Bank, so the existence of these two types of rural banks is not a dichotomy. The differences in the patterns of operational management, conventional or sharia, not distinguish the depth and the breadth of the outreach. Some of the sharia approaches are also applied as local wisdom in Conventional Rural Banks. The problem of trade-off between the financial function and the social function also appears to exist in Rural Bank. More better the financial performance, which is reflected by profitability, more declining the social performanc (outreach). The novelty of the study can be found at the findings that in order to deepen and expand the outreach, it is necessary to improve the policies on non-commercialization factors, based on socio-economic, organizational culture and local culture. This socio-economic-based policy includes the Rural Bank’s commitment to focus on improving client relationship in major market share, low educated and and female clients. Local culture-based policies in management include aspects of non-traditional guarantees, local marketing personnel and credit advisory services. Further, in order to expand the breadh of outreach, Rural Banks need to strengthen the dimensions of stability and result orientation in organizational culture. The application of the dimensions of sharia compliance in operational management, has no significant effect to deepen or expand the outreach. Further, the findings showed that the profitability is only effective in expanding the outreach, but not to deepen it. The social function of the Rural Bank will be accomplished if the Rural Bank is profitable and have the commitment in implementing socio-economic-cultural based management. Keywords: microfinance, outreach, rural bank

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