KARAKTERISASI MEKANISME BIOKONTROL ISOLAT RIZOBAKTERI INDIGENOS TERPILIH UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum)PADA TANAMAN CABAI

SRIMANO, FELIA (2017) KARAKTERISASI MEKANISME BIOKONTROL ISOLAT RIZOBAKTERI INDIGENOS TERPILIH UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum)PADA TANAMAN CABAI. Diploma thesis, universitas andalas.

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Abstract

KARAKTERISASI MEKANISME BIOKONTROL ISOLAT RIZOBAKTERI INDIGENOS TERPILIH UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) PADA TANAMAN CABAI Abstrak Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa 13 isolat rizobakteri indigenos mampu mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri oleh Ralstonia solanacearum pada tanaman cabai. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkarakterisasi mekanisme biokontrol secara fisiologis terhadap isolat rizobakteri indigenos terpilih dan kemampuan kolonisasi akar pada tanaman cabai. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan14 perlakuan dan 2 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 13 isolat rizobakteri indigenos (RZ 1.1 AG4, RZ 1.1 AP1, RZ 1.2 AP1, RZ 1.3 AG4, RZ 1.3 AP1, RZ 1.4 AG4, RZ 1.4 AP4, RZ 2.1 AG1, RZ 2.1 AP1, RZ 2.1 AP2, RZ 2.1 AP3, RZ 2.1 AP4, dan RZ 2.2 AG2) dan kontrol. Karakterisasi isolat rizobakteri indigenos yang diuji yaitu antibiotik, siderofor, HCN, hemolisin, protease, dan biosurfaktan. Untuk kolonisasi akar cabai digunakan isolat RbI mutan rifampisin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat RbI yang berbeda juga mempunyai karakter yang berbeda. Berdasarkan karakter fisiologis 13 isolat RbI terseleksi diperoleh 9 kelompok isolat yang berbeda (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, dan i), kelompok c terdiri atas 2 isolat dan kelompok d 4 isolat. Semua isolat RbI menghasilkan biosurfaktan dengan kekentalan berbeda, yang tertinggi adalah isolat RZ 1.1 AG4. Tidak semua karakter biokontrol dihasilkan oleh isolat RbI, hanya 3 karakter yang menunjukkan positif hanya oleh isolat RZ 2.1 AP4. Semua isolat RbI mutan rifampisin mampu mengkolonisasi akar cabai sampai 9 hari setelah tanam, populasi isolat RbI lebih tinggi dalam jaringan akar (endofit) dibandingkan permukaan akar (rizoplan). Populasi isolat RbI tertinggi pada akar yaitu RZ 2.1 AP2 dan RZ 1.1 AP1. Kata kunci : kolonisasi, mekanisme biokontrol, Ralstonia solanacearum, rizobakteri. Characterization of Biocontrol Mechanism of Selected Indigenous Rhizobacterial for Control Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) on Chili Abstract From previous research it has obtained 13 indigenous rhizobacterial strains which had the ability to control bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on chili. The purpose of this research was to characterized of the selected indigenous rhizobacterial strains as biocontrol agents of R. solanacearum. This research consisted of 14 treatments and 2 replications. The treatments were 13 selected indigenous rhizobacteria strains (RZ 1.1 AG4, RZ 1.1 AP1, RZ 1.2 AP1, RZ 1.3 AG4, RZ 1.3 AP1, RZ 1.4 AG4, RZ 1.4 AP4, RZ 2.1 AG1, RZ 2.1 AP1, RZ 2.1 AP2, RZ 2.1 AP3, RZ 2.1 AP4, and RZ 2.2 AG2) and control. The physiological characters of indigenous rhizobacterial strains as biocontrol agents has observed, include production of antibiotics, siderophore, HCN, haemolysin, protease, and biosurfactant. For root colonizations it has been used the rifampisin mutants of indigenous rhizobacterial strains. Results shown that isolates had various physiological characters as biocontrol agents. Based on the physiological character of 13 indigenous rhizobacterial strains obtained 9 different strains groups (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, and i), group c there are 2 strains and group d there are 4 strains while the other group only 1 strains. All indigenous rhizobacterial strains produced biosurfactants with the highest viscosity of the highest viscosity of RZ 1.1 AG4 strains. Not all characters tested were generated by indigenous rhizobacterial strains, only 3 characters showed positive and that only by RZ 2.1 AP4 strains. All indigenous rhizobacterial strains of rifampicin mutants were able to colonized chili roots up to 9 days after planting, the strains populations were higher in root tissue (endophytes) than in the root surface (rhizoplane). The highest population being RZ 2.1 AP2 and RZ 1.1 AP1 strains. Keywords: biocontrol mechanism, colonizations, Ralstonia solanacearum, rhizobacteria.

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