ANALYSIS THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION, AND UNEMPLOYMENT TO POVERTY IN WEST SUMATRA IN 2009 – 2013

OZZIE, RAHMAWAN (2015) ANALYSIS THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION, AND UNEMPLOYMENT TO POVERTY IN WEST SUMATRA IN 2009 – 2013. Masters thesis, Universitas Andalas.

Text 904.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (985kB)

Abstract

One of the main indicators of the success of national development is the rate of decline in the number of poor people. Effectiveness in reducing the number of poverty is the main growth in choosing a strategy or an instrument of development. This means, a decrease in the number of poverty is one of the main criteria to the selection of the main sectors of national development (Simatupang and Dermoredjo, 2003). Poverty is a problem faced by all countries in the world, especially in developing countries. Many negative impacts caused by poverty, in addition to the emergence of many social problems, poverty can affect the economic development of a country. The high of poverty will lead the costs of economic development becomes larger, so indirectly will hamper the economic development. Problems of poverty is a complex problem and multidimensional. Therefore, the fight against poverty must be carried out comprehensively, covers various aspects of community life, and implemented in an integrated manner (Nasir, 2008). The term of poverty arises when a person or group of people are not able to meet the level of economic prosperity that is considered a minimum requirement of a certain standard of living. In the proper 13 meaning, poverty is understood as a state of lack of money and goods to ensure survival. In a broad sense, Chambers (in Suryawati, 2005) says that poverty is an intergrated concept that has five dimensions, there are proper, powerless, state of emergency, dependence, and isolation both geographically and sociologically. According to BPS (2007), a person qualifies as poor if their income is below the poverty line. Reduction of poverty is an issue that became one of the priorities of development in West Sumatra contained in the Medium Term Development Planning of West Sumatra. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik / BPS) West Sumatra, in 2010 the number of poor people in West Sumatra reached 9.50 percent, or about 430,024 inhabitants. In 2011, that figure fell to 9.04 percent with a population of poor people about 442,085 inhabitants. Then in 2012, the number of poor people amounted to 404,736 inhabitants or back down to 8.19 percent. Then until 2013, the percentage of poor people in West Sumatra decreased to 8.14 percent, or about 407,470 inhabitants. But the poverty rate of West Sumatra is still below than national average, which is 11.37 percent. While poverty is still high, but the quality of life of West Sumatra has increased. Based on the index the poverty line in 2010, public revenue is only about Rp 230,000 per capita / month. However, in 2011 is increased to Rp 292,052 per capita / month. 14 West Sumatra economic growth in the second quarter 2014 is about 6.3 percent, it’s not able to reduce poverty in West Sumatra. Economic growth is a central theme in the economic life of all countries in the world today. The government in any country can soon fall or get up based on the high and low levels of economic growth achieved in the national statistics. The success of the programs in third world countries are often judged by the high and low levels of output and national income (Todaro 2000). In the early 1970s, economists began to doubt the benefits of national income growth in economic development because in many developing countries there is a symptom of poverty, unequal distribution of income, and unemployment is likely to increase even though the national income has increased steadily. Therefore, from the beginning of 1970 the argument that if the development is not accompanied by equitable distribution of the fruits of development to the poor, so it is unlikely to provide optimal results. In this period appeared new theories such as Theory of Growth and Distribution of New-Keynesian by Kaldor and Passineti. In Rahmawati Faturrohmin thesis (2011), entitled “Pengaruh PDRB, Harapan Hidup dan Melek Huruf Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Jawa Tengah", these theories state that economic development will achieve optimal results if accompanied by an increase in national income distribution of income for all groups in society. 15 The low economic growth and huge population will affect the social conditions in West Sumatra. Problems and challenges of regional development the next five years will be prioritized on social issues fundamental, among others magnitude of poverty and unemployment. The development process requires a high national income and rapid economic growth. In many countries the main condition for the creation of a permanent decline in poverty is economic growth. Economic growth is not enough to alleviate poverty but usually economic growth is something that is needed, although that the good economic growth will not means to decrease the poor population if not accompanied by the distribution of income (Wongdesmiwati, 2009). Education involve the character of development and at once preserving human identity of a nation. Many poor people who have experienced ignorance or stupidity even systematically. Therefore, it's important for us to understand that poverty can lead to ignorance, and ignorance obviously synonymous with poverty (Winardi, 2010). The growth rate of the labor force that is fast and employment growth is relatively slow causing the unemployment problem in the region is becoming increasingly serious. The amount of the unemployment rate is a reflection of less successful development in a country. Unemployment can affect poverty in various ways (Tambunan, 2001). In West Sumatra unemployment rate from 2013 to 2014 is down from 7.02% become 6.5%. 16 Essentially of regional development is recommended not only focus on economic growth but also the development of the area. According Esmara (1986) in economics expressed various theories about how economic development should be addressed to pursue retardation. Until the end of 1960, many economists believe that the best way to pursue economic backwardness is to increase the economic growth rate as high, so it can exceed the population growth rate. In this way the per capita income figures will be automatically increased so that there is also an increase in the prosperity of society. Consider how poverty resulting from a process. Based on the description above, I would like to discuss the relationship between economic growth, education, unemployment and poverty as outlined in the title: "Analysis the Influence of Economic Growth, Education, and Unemployment to Poverty in West Sumatra in 2009 - 2013".

Actions (login required)

View Item