MODEL KELEMBAGAAN RANTAI NILAI INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN IKAN NILA BERKELANJUTAN DI SUMATERA UTARA

Julia, Marisa (2022) MODEL KELEMBAGAAN RANTAI NILAI INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN IKAN NILA BERKELANJUTAN DI SUMATERA UTARA. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

The development of agribusiness, especially tilapia processing agroindustry, needs to pay attention to business issues. Where the intensity of business competition at the regional and global levels is increasing so that there is a business shift from comparative advantage to competitive advantage. Businesses need creative strategies and embed the concept of sustainability and integrate them into business processes to add value, which can be useful for competitiveness, resilience and added value along the value chain. Research that builds on the concept of sustainable value chains, where the framework for sustainable value chain analysis (SVCA) emerges does not cover only economic aspects but also includes environmental and social impacts in collaborative models of value chain management. Therefore, businesses need to analyze the performance of the Sustainable value chain based on added value and critical factors in the success of the value chain (CSF), which is supported by institutions. The tilapia agro-industry institution aims to achieve more effective and efficient development of the main economic activities in the value chain, as well as a means to coordinate all activities in the value chain. Institutional problems in the value chain are institutions that are too broad and not conducive, lack of social support for the community, ineffective fisheries policies, and lack of support for relationships that shape behavior in evaluating sustainability. As a result, these institutions are not able to increase competitiveness so that it affects the welfare of actors involved in the value chain. The objectives of this study were to analyze the sustainability of the tilapia processing value chain, to analyze the performance of the tilapia processing value chain based on the distribution of added value received by the actors involved, to identify critical factors in the success of the value chain (CSF), and to design an institutional model of the sustainable tilapia processing value chain which is relevant to the conditions at the research site. The stages of this research included: 1) analyzing the value chain mapping of the sustainable tilapia processing industry and analysis of sustainability assessment using Multidimensional Scale Analysis (MDS) through the Rapfish method; 2) Analysis of chain performance based on a fair distribution of added value using the Hayami and F-ANP methods; 3) for the establishment of a strategic parameter process in driving the successful implementation of the value chain using the TISM and MICMAC analysis methods by identifying and analyzing thirty-two main CSFs to determine the level of influence and driving force of each factor; 4) The design of the institutional model of the sustainable tilapia processing value chain will be modeled with an institutional definition approach as an organization and rules, which is through an analysis of the structural elements of the value chain institutional system for tilapia processing using the ISM method and an analysis of the strategy for developing the institutional system of sustainabletilapia processing value chain by using the fuzzy ANP method. The research results were explained as follow: 1) The sustainability of the tilapia processing value chain showed that the tilapia processing industry was currently considered quite sustainable with a sustainability index of 74.40% and the main actors who played a role in the sustainability of the value chain were tilapia cultivators, collector traders, tilapia processors, and distributors with revenue margins obtained respectively 11.19%, 26.55%, 33.78% and 76.26%. 2) The performance of the tilapia processing value chain based on the balance of the distribution of added value received by the actors involved showed that at this time the added value received by tilapia cultivators was 4,97 %, collector traders were 5.09%, value processors were 36,23 %, and distributors was 42,44%. To achieve fairness, the portion of added value received by tilapia cultivators and traders must be increased by 2,17% and 0,66% of the added value currently received, while the portion of value added received by tilapia processors and distributors decreased by 24,41 % and 16,23%. 3) A critical factor in the success of value chain sustainability was the strengthening of the legal environment, the institutions involved, and effective government policies. This result was because these factors were key factors in SVC which had high drive power and low dependency power. 4) The relevant sustainable tilapia value chain institutional model was the use of an independent institution that refered to a partnership system for the supply of raw materials with the concept of a quality management system and equitable distribution of added value through strengthening access to capital and finance. The proposed institutional design can increase innovation and dissemination of competitive appropriate technology so as to improve business sustainability and increase the fair distribution of added value for actors involved in the value chain of tilapia processing.

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