HUBUNGAN KADAR DAN DERAJAT EFEK AKUT PAPARAN GAS FORMALDEHID TERHADAP MAHASISWA PADA SAAT PRAKTIKUM ANATOMI

Ufaira, Nabila Luthfiani Adriswan (2020) HUBUNGAN KADAR DAN DERAJAT EFEK AKUT PAPARAN GAS FORMALDEHID TERHADAP MAHASISWA PADA SAAT PRAKTIKUM ANATOMI. Diploma thesis, Universitas Andalas.

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Abstract

Gross anatomical laboratory were a place to study basic medical sciences using cadaver. Cadaver were preservated using formaldehyde. Lecturers, laboratory technicians, students, were the ones at high risk of exposure impact. According to the regulation No. 5 year 2018 of Manpower and Transmigration Ministry, the threshold value allowed (NAB) for single short exposure to high level gas (KTD) is 0.3 ppm without time limit. This research determined the relationship between gas level and the acute effect of exposure on formaldehyde gas from cadaver to four groups of students during dissection course. The method of research was comparative study with the design of cross sectional with number of sampels 137 first-year students of Medical Faculty Anatomy Laboratory of Andalas University represent on four groups. This was conducted since May 2019 until March 2020. Collection of data on acute effects questionnaire and gas were measured by semiconductor gas sensor method tool. Data were analyzed using One-Way Anova. Overall the results of a univariate were the degree of mild acute effect was 54.0%, average 44,5%, severe 1,5%. The measurement of formaldehyde gas among the group C and A were 0.5006 ppm and 0.3306 ppm above the threshold value, while the group B and D are below the threshold value, they were 0.2104 ppm and 0.2064 ppm. Statistically significant differences found (p = 0,004) The test indicates that there are significant relationship between formaldehyde gas level with the degree of acute effect on samples, so controlling of formaldehyde usage that maintance the laboratory to be safe and comfortable for users is needed. Laboratorium anatomi merupakan tempat mempelajari ilmu kedokteran dasar yang menggunakan kadaver sebagai sumber pembelajarannya. Pengawetan preparat kadaver menggunakan formaldehid. Dosen, teknisi laboratorium, mahasiswa, merupakan orang-orang beresiko tinggi terkena paparan formaldehid. Menurut Peraturan Mentri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi (Permenakertrans) No. 5 tahun 2018 nilai ambang batas (NAB) paparan singkat kadar tinggi yang diperkenankan (KTD) yakni 0,3 ppm tanpa batas waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar dan derajat efek akut paparan gas formaldehid terhadap empat kelompok praktikum mahasiswa angkatan 2019 pada saat praktikum Anatomi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi komparatif dengan desain penelitian studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel berjumlah 137 orang mahasiswa yang mewakili kelompok praktikum anatomi A, B, C, dan D. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan Mei 2019 sampai Maret 2020. Pengumpulan data kuesioner efek akut dan pengukuran kadar gas diukur dengan alat metode sensor gas semikonduktor dan dianalisa menggunakan One-Way Anova. Hasil didapatkan derajat efek akut secara keseluruhan yaitu ringan 54,0%, mengganggu 44,5%, sangat mengganggu 1,5%. Pengukuran gas formaldehid pada kelompok yaitu kelompok C dan A sebesar 0,5006 ppm dan 0,3306 ppm berada diatas nilai ambang batas yakni 0,3 ppm, sedangkan pada kelompok B dan D berada dibawah NAB yaitu 0,2104 ppm dan 0,2064 ppm. Secara statistik didapatkan hubungan bermakna (p = 0,004). Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar gas formaldehid dengan derajat efek akut yang ditimbulkan pada mahasiswa tahun satu Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Pentingnya pengontrolan penggunaan formaldehid agar laboratorium aman dan nyaman selama pembelajaran.

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