MODIFIKASI MESIN CETAK BIO-BRIKET TKKS DALAM MENGHASILKAN BINDERLESS BIO-BRIQUETTE SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ENERGI ALTERNATIF

Nofriady, Handra (2022) MODIFIKASI MESIN CETAK BIO-BRIKET TKKS DALAM MENGHASILKAN BINDERLESS BIO-BRIQUETTE SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ENERGI ALTERNATIF. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Andalas.

	Text (Cover dan Abstrak) Cover dan Abstrak.pdf - Published Version Download (282kB)
	Text (Bab I (Pendahuluan)) Bab I ( Pendahuluan).pdf - Published Version Download (176kB)
	Text (Bab Akhir ( Penutup dan Kesimpulan)) Bab Akhir (Penutup dan Kesimpulan).pdf - Published Version Download (144kB)
	Text (Daftar Pustaka) Daftar Pustaka.pdf - Published Version Download (175kB)
	Text (Disertasi Fulltext) Disertasi Full OK.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (2MB)

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producing countries in the world with an increasing trend of plantation area during 2017-2021. The Ministry of Agriculture (Kementan) noted that the area of oil palm plantations would reach 15,1 million hectares in 2021. The plantation area increased by 1,5% compared to the previous year's area of 1,5 million hectares. Of the 15,1 million ha, the majority are owned by large private plantations, covering an area of 8,4 million ha (55,8%). Then, the People's Plantation area of 6,1 million ha (40,34%) and the State Large Plantation covering an area of 579,6 thousand ha (3,84%). The Ministry of Agriculture also noted that the national palm oil production amounted to 49,7 million tons in 2021. This figure increased by 2,9% from the previous year which amounted to 48,3 million tons. After the palm oil processing is carried out, in the end it leaves EFB waste which is generally not processed anymore by the factory. These remaining empty bunches cause problems for disposal site and transportation which result in additional production costs for the processor. In landfills, EFB waste is usually burned, this will cause problems for the environment such as air pollution, odor and narrow land. Biomass waste can be directly used as fuel, first converted into charcoal or first compressed into briquettes. Compression aims to obtain a better combustion quality and ease of use and handling. The addition of binder content and biomass waste in the manufacture of briquettes is one of the important factors in the manufacture of briquettes. The lower the binder concentration, the lower the water content of the briquettes, thus increasing the calorific value. The problem with using binder in making briquettes is that the higher the binder concentration, the higher the ash content, while the lower the fixed carbon content, causing a lot of smoke if the ratio of the binder mixture is not proportional to the fiber. The application of an excessive amount of binder material will affect the quality of briquette combustion because the briquette pores are filled with binder material so that the briquettes become too dense. The research objectives are 1. To analyze the utilization of empty palm fruit bunch biomass waste into solid fuel products in the form of briquettes without binder (binderless), 2. To obtain a modified machine and invention on a heated die screw extruder to produce binderless bio-briquette made from EFB waste which has the potential to developed as an alternative energy fuel and 3. Produce binderless solid fuel briquettes from EFB biomass waste with specifications of high calorific value and low activation energy through the heated die screw extruder method on a briquette mold machine. The research method is by conducting experiments and testing with 3 (three) stages, and each stage of the research is related to one another. Phase I research is a labor scale study to obtain reference data for phase II, namely the modification of the briquette mold machine. Phase III is testing and analyzing data from the test results. The addition of a heating system to the mold is an innovation that functions to heat a collection of fibers assisted by screw press pressure to the corners of the mold, so that there is expansion between fibers at a maximum temperature. The screw extruder pressure is very important to maintain temperature uniformity along the molding pipe and also to maintain continuity of feeding because continuity of feeding will affect the accumulation of material at the end of the extruder so that the pressing process can run. From the test results it can be concluded that 1. EFB fiber material can specifically be made as raw material for the manufacture of biomass briquettes, 2. Modifications are made to the machine, namely: screw press section (screw angle 15°, screw pitch distance 5 cm, screw capacity Q=950 kg/hour, and motor power N=0,62 HP), heating element, using chain coupling connection, AISI 1045 steel screw shaft material and modification of the tube volume from 967,1 cm3 to 458,4 cm3, 3. Results test the heating value of briquettes at three variations of heating temperature, the highest calorific value of bio-briquettes was produced at a temperature of 250ºC with a value of 4856 cal/g, and a ignition time of 6.4 minutes. The lowest calorific value at a temperature of 150ºC is 4117 cal/g, meanwhile at a temperature of 150ºC, the flame time is 11,8 minutes. This indication relates to the effect of the water content in the briquettes. The output of this research has been developed appropriate technology in the form of a machine that helps the research process. The findings obtained from this research are the manufacture of bio-briquettes from EFB fiber without binder and without the carbonization process (composing). The result of the modification of the bio-briquette molding machine is able to overcome the problem with the pressure on the screw extruder. Based on the class division of briquettes, the calorific value of 4856 cal/g produced is included in class D (4200 – 4941), and it has not yet reached the maximum quality standard value for charcoal briquettes (SNI 01-6235-2000). This research is still needed to be developed and continued to get products according to existing quality standards.

Actions (login required)

View Item