KEPASTIAN HUKUM EKSEKUSI JAMINAN FIDUSIA BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI (Studi PMK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dan PMK No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021

Prima, Resi Putri (2022) KEPASTIAN HUKUM EKSEKUSI JAMINAN FIDUSIA BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI (Studi PMK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dan PMK No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS.

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Abstract

KEPASTIAN HUKUM EKSEKUSI JAMINAN FIDUSIA BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI (Studi PMK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dan PMK No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021) (Prima Resi Putri, S.H., M.H., M.Kn, NIM 1820123066, Magister Kenotariatan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Andalas) ABSTRAK Undang-UndangNomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang jaminan fidusia sebagai politik hukum perundang-undangan memiliki kelemahan dalam mengakomodir kebutuhan hukum perihal terjadi cidera janji dan pelaksanaan eksekusi atas objek jaminan fidusia. Oleh karenanya Putusan Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 02/PUU-XIX/2021 pengujian Pasal 15 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) Undang-Undang Fidusia telah memodifikasi dan membentuk paradigma baru dalam isu jaminan fidusia dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini meliputi : 1) Apa yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan mahkamah konstitusi yang menganulir ketentuan Pasal 15 ayat (2) beserta penjelasan dan ayat (3). 2) Bagaimana makna frasa “Demi Keadilan Berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” dalam suatu akta jaminan fidusia? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan azas hukum, pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan analisis hukum. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu Majelis Hakim Konstitusi menerapkan asas keadilan dan asas kepastian hukum dalam menjatuhkan Putusan MK Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dan Putusan MK Nomor: 2/PUU-XIX/2021. Hal ini dimaksudkan guna mencapai kemanfaatan hukum serta memenuhi hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kedua asas tersebut yang sebelumnya sulit sekali terwujud dalam pelaksanaan Pasal 15 ayat (2) dan Pasal 15 ayat (3) UU Jaminan Fidusia. Penerapan asas keadilan sendiri dapat dilihat dari bagaimana Majelis Hakim Konstitusi memutus bahwa penjatuhan “cidera janji” yang sebelumnya hanya dilakukan oleh kreditur kini harus melewati kesepakatan dengan debitur guna menghapus adanya “kekuasaan penuh” yang selama ini dimiliki kreditur. Kemudian Makna Frasa “Demi Keadilan berdasarkan Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa” dalam akta jaminan fidusia adalah sebagai pengakuan hutang dari debitur kepada kreditur dalam perjanjian fidusia. Terhadap akta pengakuan hutang yang dibuat debitur di hadapan seorang notaris, maka kekuatan hukumnya adalah sempurna dalam arti mempunyai kekuatan sama dengan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap. Kata kunci : Kepastian Hukum,Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia, Mahkamah Konstitusi. LEGAL ASSURANCE OF THE EXECUTION OF FIDUCIARY GUARANTEEBASED ON THE DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT (Study PMK No 18/PUU-XVII/2019 dan PMK No. 2/PUU-XIX/2021 ) (Prima Resi Putri, S.H., M.H., M.Kn, NIM 1820123066, Master of Notary Law Faculty of Andalas University) Abstract Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning fiduciary guarantees as a legal politics of legislation has weaknesses in accommodating legal needs regarding breach of contract and execution of fiduciary guarantee objects. Therefore, Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 and the Constitutional Court Number 02/PUU-XIX/2021 reviewing Article 15 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) of the Fiduciary Law have modified and formed a new paradigm in the issue of fiduciary guarantees in the system. Indonesian law. The formulation of the research problem includes: 1) What is the judge's consideration in the decision of the constitutional court which annulled the provisions of Article 15 paragraph (2) along with the explanation and paragraph (3). 2) What is the meaning of the phrase "For Justice Based on One God Almighty" in a fiduciary guarantee deed? The research method used is a normative research method using a legal principle approach, a conceptual approach and a legal analysis approach. The result of this research is that the Constitutional Court Justices applied the principle of justice and the principle of legal certainty in imposing the Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 and the Constitutional Court Decision Number: 2/PUU-XIX/2021. This is intended to achieve legal benefits and fulfill matters relating to the two principles which were previously difficult to materialize in the implementation of Article 15 paragraph (2) and Article 15 paragraph (3) of the Fiduciary Guarantee Law. The application of the principle of justice itself can be seen from how the Panel of Constitutional Justices decided that the imposition of "breach of promise" which was previously only carried out by the creditor must now go through an agreement with the debtor in order to remove the "full power" that has been owned by the creditor. Then the meaning of the phrase "For the sake of Justice based on God Almighty" in the fiduciary guarantee deed is an acknowledgment of the debt from the debtor to the creditor in the fiduciary agreement. In respect of a debt acknowledgment deed made by the debtor before a notary, the legal force is perfect in the sense that it has the same force as a court decision which has permanent legal force. Keywords: Fiduciary guarantee execution, Fiduciary Law, Constitutional Court

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